130 



og standser ved dettes bagre' Rand : en kortere Eække 

 gaar fra Snudespidsen hen under forreste Næsebor til det 

 bagre Næsebor. ligesom en anden Række gaar bueformigt 

 under denne ben mod Øjets forreste Rand. 



Paa Kinderne strækker en Række sig fra Snudespid- 

 sen langs Overranden af Overkjæveu. og bøjer ben under 

 Øjet. Paa Underkjæven strækker en Række sig fra Sym- 

 physis bagover, og standser i Regelen veil Underkjævens 

 Led. 



Paa Gjællelaagene gaar en Række fra Underkjæve- 

 leddet hen langs Gjællelaagets Rand. og en anden kortere 

 næsten' parallelt indenfor denne. Mellem begge disse Ræk- 

 ker strækker sig en Række af omtrent 4 yderst korte, 

 hvidagtige Hudtrevler. 



Paa Panden sta ar en i Regelen V-formig (men ofte 

 uregelmæssig) Samling af Slimporer. og paa Siderne og 

 Nakken mindre Grupper, tilligemed enkelte spredte Slim- 

 porer og Hudtrevler. 



Farve. Farven er hos de yngre Individer i levende 

 Live mat solvglindsende, oventil mere rødlig, idet Lege- 

 met ber er bestroet med talløse rødbrune Punkter, der paa 

 Hovedet staa tættest: opbevarede paa Spiritus blive de lysere 

 uden tydelige Pletter, og blot hos enkelte Individer tindes 

 mørkere Skygninger henad Ryggen, ligesom Finnerne hos 

 enkelte have tydelige mørke Rande. Bugen er stærkere 

 sølvfarvet. 



Ældre Individer ere mørkere farvede: især ere Fin- 

 nerne stærkt pigmenterede, og synes, naar de ere sammen- 

 slaaede, næsten sorte i sin ydre Del. Ånalerne ere dug 

 noget lysere. 



Føde. De under Nordkavs-Expeditionen erholdte 

 Individer optoges, som det syntes, i de mellemliggende 

 Vandlag. men observeredes ikke umiddelbart i eller ved 

 Vandskorpen. saaledes som tidligere under andre Expedi- 

 tioner. Yed én.Lejlighed ophentede Trawlen i et enkelt 

 Kast 72 Stykker, alle Unger, med en jevn Størrelse af 

 omkr. 1()()""". saaledes at de utvivlsomt gaa stimevis. som 

 de øvrige Arter ; men de Dyrelevninger, som fandtes i deres 

 Ventrikel. tilhørte hovedsagelig (tildels udelukkende) Cdlanus 

 jmmourchicus, Gunn., eller hos et Individ Th&misto libellula, 

 Mandt, blandet med dalaner, saaledes pelagiske Former. 

 der færdes i enhver Dybde. 



Paa Gjællerne af et af Individerne snyltede en Lemæ 

 (af Slægten Haemobaphes); et Par andre smaa Snyltekrebs 

 vare fæstede til Huden af samme Individ. 



Udbredelse. Inder den Forudsætning, at de oven- 

 for nævnte. under Navnene M&rlangus polaris, Gadus fa- 

 bricii, Gadus agilis og Gadus glacialis opstillede Former 

 ere identiske med Gadus sa/da fra Hvidehavet. optræder 

 denne Art taJrigt i Europas og Americas Polartrakter. og 

 hører til de Fiske, der ere observerede længst mod Nord. 

 Den færdes helst mellem Drivisen, og tilhører udelukkende 

 den kolde Area. 



minating at their posterior margin ; a shorter series, extend- 

 ing from the point of the snout under the anterior nostril : 

 and another, bending archwise beneath the latter to the 

 anterior margin of the eye. 



On the cheeks, a series extending from the point 

 of the snout along the superior margin of the upper jaw. 

 passing from thence obliquely under the eye. On the lower 

 jaw, a series commencing at the symphysis, and terminating 

 at the articulation of the inferior maxillary hone. 



On the gill-plates, a series extending from the arti- 

 culation of the inferior maxillary along the margin of the 

 opercle; and a shorter, inner series running almost parallel 

 to the former. Between these two series of pores, a row 

 of about 4 whitish cirri, exceedingly short. 



On the forehead, too. there is a collection of mucous 

 pores, having, as a rule, the shape of the letter Y; and on the 

 sides of the bead and on the nape there occur smaller 

 groups, together with a few isolated mucous pores and 

 cutaneous filaments. 



CoIqw. — Live individuals, comparatively young, dis- 

 tinguished by a silvery lustre: upper surface reddish, being 

 freckled with innumerable points ol' reddish-brown, more 

 especially on the bead: specimens preserved in spirits 

 gradually fade, the spots becoming indistinct: darkish 

 cloudings down the back are. however, observed in a few 

 individuals, and the margin of the bus. too. keeps dark 

 in some. The abdomen argenteous. 



Mature examples relatively darker, in particular on 

 the tins, which, owing to the pigment secreted under the 

 skin, have almost the appearance of being bordered with 

 black. The anals somewhat lighter. 



Food. — The individuals obtained on the Expedition, 

 contrary to the experience of former observers, were taken 

 in the intermedial strata of the ocean, having on no occa- 

 sion been met with at or near the surface. In Magdalene 

 Bay. 72 individuals, all of them young, the total length 

 averaging about 100""", were brought up together in 

 the trawl-net. showing beyond doubt that this species, 

 in common with its congeners, moves in shoals; but the 

 animal remains found in the ventricles of the specimens 

 examined, belonged chiefly (in some instances exclusively) 

 to Calanus finmarchicus, or consisted of fragments of TJw- 

 misto libdlula, along with Calani, accordingly pelagic forms, 

 occurring at all depths, from the surface to the bottom. , 



On the gills of one specimen was found an example 

 of a Hasmobaphes; two other small parasitic crustaceans had 

 attached themselves to the skin of the same individual. 



Distribution. — Assuming the forms established 

 as Merlangus polaris. Gadus fabridi, Gadus agilis, and 

 Gadus glacialis to be identical with Gadus saida, inha- 

 biting the White Sea. this species is common in the Polar 

 tracts of Europe and America, and is one of the fishes 

 observed farthest north. It is met with mostly between 

 the drift-ice. its habitat being exclusively confined to the 

 frigid area. 



