48 



Form Polijnoe islandica angives af V. Storm 1 af ham at 

 være fundet i Trondhjemsfjorden. Og under de Omstæn- 

 digheder er det selvfolgeligt umuligt, al den Stund Dyrene 

 fra den kolde Area ingen Eiendonmieligheder frembyde i 

 sin Bygning, at have nogen begrundet Formening om, 

 hvorvidt en ny Form, der lindes i den kolde Area, ude- 

 lukkende tilhører denne eller ei. Foruden det om Pohjnoe 

 globifera anførte tindes der kun nogle enkelte Antydninger 

 til, at den kolde Area muligens har en tildels særegen 

 Annelidefauna. De Dyr. der henhøre til Slægten Myrio- 

 chéle Mgrn.. maa vel antages at være rent arktiske; der 

 kendtes hidtil kun en Art. M. Heeri, Mgrn, fra Østsiden 

 af Spitsbergen og Grønland, der ogsaa er fundet paa Por- 

 cupineexpeditionen paa Stat. 30 i en Dybde af 1 380 Favne, 

 Temp. 2°,86; og nu er der paa den norske Expedition 

 fundet 2 nye Arter Myriochéle paa 6 Stationer i iskoldt 

 Vand. medens M. Heeri ikke er paatruffet; Polijnoe Sarsii, 

 Kubg.. der forekommer i det kariske Hav og paa Østsiden 

 af Spitsbergen, er fundet paa Stationerne 31, 33 og 35, 

 alle tre tilhørende den kolde Bundstrom mellem Island 

 og Norge; den er ogsaa funden paa Porcupineexpeditionen 

 vestenfor Irland paa Stat. 28, 1215 Favnes Dyb, Temp. 

 -f- 2", 80. Formodentlig vikle baade \Myriochde Heeri og 

 Polynoe Sarsii ved en noiere Eftersogen tindes paa flere 

 mellemliggende Steder i den kolde Bundstrom og det maa 

 antages at være det rimeligste, at disse arktiske Dyr gen- 

 nem den kolde Bundstrom ere vandrede sydover. 



At bemærke er ogsaa Forekomsten af en Serpula: 

 Protnla ardica paa Stat. 51. 1163 Favnes Dyb og Temp. 

 — I'M, Bunden bestaaende af Biloculinler. Dette viser, 

 at Serpulaerne ikke nødvendigtvis behøve faste Genstande, 

 paa hvilke de kunne bygge sine Skaller. , Det samme har 

 jeg tidligere erfaret. med Hensyn til Hydroides norvegica, 

 som jeg ogsaa har fundet j>aa Slambund, og var Røret i 

 dette Tilfælde ikke si mi vanligt snoet, men ret, saa det 

 maa antages, at Rorene under disse Omstændigheder staa 

 nede i Mudderen ligesom Rorene for mange andre tubi- 

 cole Annelider. der leve paa blod Bund. 



Jeg har ovenfor bemærket, at det ikke har været 

 mig muligt at tinde noget, hvorved Beboerne af den kolde 

 Area kunde kendes fra Beboere af tempereret Vand. 

 Dette gælder saavel Farverne som Dyrenes Størrelse. 

 Onuphis hyperborea viser dette tilfulde; dette Dyr er kun 

 fundet paa Stat. 18. 412 Favne og Stat, 48. 299 Favne, 

 altsaa paa begge Steder paa større Dyb end de, hvortil 

 Plantevæxt og Lys antages at trænge ned. Ikke desto 

 mindre har Dyret en anselig Størrelse og ogsaa en meget 

 stærk Farve, samt Øine. 



Fra Stat. 48 tindes ogsaa et andet Dyr, Pohjnoe 

 islandica, der udmærker sig ved en for en Polynoe usæd- 

 vanlige Størrelse af 80""». Der kunde endnu nævnes flere 

 Exempler paa, at hverken Dybden eller Våndets Tempe- 

 ratur synes at betinge en mindre Udvikling af Dyrene. 



Det Norske Videnskabsselskabets Skrifter 1878. 



land in the cold area, was taken the same year by myself, 

 off Moldoen. and a form designated Polynoe islandica is 

 stated by V. Storm 1 to occur in the Trondhjem Fjord. 

 Hence, it is impossible, since the Annelids from the cold 

 area present no peculiarities of structure, to pronounce with 

 certainty whether a new form met with in the cold area 

 is exclusively confined to that depth or not. If we except 

 what has been stated concerning Polynoe gldbifera, little 

 remains to add in support of the inference, that a 

 peculiar Annelid Fauna inhabits the frigid depths of 

 the ocean. The Annelids belonging to the genus Myrio- 

 chéle, Mgrn., must be regarded as true arctic animals. 

 As yet, but one species — M. Heeri, Mgrn. — has been 

 met with, from the eastern shores of Spitsbergen and 

 Greenland, — also found on the Porcupine Expedition, 

 Station 30, at a depth of 1380 fathoms, temperature 2° 86; 

 and 2 new species of 3fyriodiele were taken at 6 Stations 

 on the Norwegian Expedition, in ice-cold water, whereas 

 M. Heeri did not occur. Polynoe Sarsii, Knbg.. which 

 inhabits the Kara Sea and the eastern shores of Spitz- 

 bergen, was met with at Stations 31. 33. and 35. — all 

 three in the cold bottom-current flowing between Iceland 

 and Norway; it also occurred on -the Porcupine Expe- 

 dition, west of Ireland, at Station l'S. depth 1215 fathoms. 

 temperature -f- 2°. 80. Probably, careful dredging would 

 bring to light both Myriochéle Heeri and Polynoe Sarsii in 

 several intermediate parts of the cold bottom-current; and 

 hence these arctic animals may with good reason be assum- 

 ed to have drifted southwards. 



In conclusion, we must notice the occurrence of a 

 Serpida: Profnht tintitv, at Station 51; depth 1 163 fathoms, 

 temperature — 1". 1; bottom, biloculina clay. This shows 

 that the Serpvlidce are not absolutely in need of solid 

 matter on which to construct their shells. This is also 

 the case with Hydroid.es norvegica, which I have met 

 with on a muddy bottom; and the tube was not twisted 

 — the usual form — but straight, whence may be inferred 

 that under such circumstances the tubes penetrate the 

 mud, as is the case with those of many other tube-buil- 

 ding Annelids that live on a soft bottom. 



As stated above,, I have failed to detect any criterion 

 whatever whereby the inhabitants of the cold area may 

 be distinguished from those of the temperate; and this 

 applies both to colour and to magnitude. Onuphis hyper- 

 borea is an instance in point. This animal was brought 

 up at Station 18 (depth 412 fathoms) and Station 48 

 (depth 299 fathoms), in both localities, accordingly, at 

 a greater depth than that to which light and vegetable 

 life are supposed to penetrate. But the animal is neverthe- 

 less of very considerable dimensions, vividly coloured, 

 and moreover furnished with eyes. At Station 48 was 

 brought up another animal, Polynoe islandica, which, for 

 a Polynoe, is remarkably large: length 80""". Many other 

 instances might be adduced to show that neither depth 

 nor temperature has apparently any influence on the devel- 

 opment of these animals. 



Det Norske Videnskabsselskabets Skrifter, lsTs. 



