320 LIVERPOOL MARINE BIOLOGY COMMITTEE REPORT. 



which are nearly exposed at low water, and from which 

 masses of Laminaria are often cast ashore during storms. 

 Attached to the Laminaria^ especially at the root-like 

 lower ends, are found commonly the following animals : — 



Halisarca dujai'dinii, Leucandra gossei. 



Harmothoe imbricata, Filograna implexa, Terehella 

 nehulosa, Liimhricus capitatus, 



Crisia denticulata, Crisia cornuta, Scrupocellaria scruposa. 



Verruca stfdmia. 



Modiolaria marmorata, Saxicava rugosa, Anomia ephip- 

 pium, 



Helcion pellucidum, and the variety Iceve. 



Polycarpa rustica. 



Amaroucium sp., Leptoclinum maculosum, Diplosoma 

 crystallinum. 



The specimens of Helcion pellucidum, var. IcBve, attain a 

 large size. The Compound Ascidians, especially Leptoclinum 

 maculosum and Diplosoma C7'ystallinumf are very numerous 

 and form large colonies. 



The shore at Kitterland,* immediately opposite the Calf, 

 has a number of deep and well-stocked tidal pools. The 

 rocks are covered by great expanses of a white Nullipore, 

 which must protect the shore to a considerable extent against 

 marine erosion. A brilliant scarlet anemone (Heliactis 

 venusta) is common in these pools, and along with* it is 

 found a sponge {Amorphina caruncula) of precisely the 

 same hue. The result of this association is that it becomes 

 sometimes almost impossible to detect the anemone without 

 a close examination. 



The other anemones which were noticed on the shores in 

 the neighbourhood of Port Erin were : — Actinia equina, 

 Anemonia sulcata, Tealia crassicornis, vars. insignis and 

 purpurea, and Bunodes gemmaceus. 



* See Chart, PI. XII. 



