254 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNTA. Euonymus. 



t 



Summit cloven into 4. Berry 4-seeded. Linn. Stamens 4* 

 Blossoms pale green. Berries black. 



Purging Buckthorn. [Woods and hedges near Norwich. Mr. 

 Crowe Side of a brook near Hanley-Castle, Worcestershire. 

 Mr. Ballard. In Shropshire, common.] S. April, May.* 



Fran'gula. R. Without thorns : flowers hermaphrodite, with 1 pistil : 



leaves very entire. 



Kmph. :-E. bot. IK-Ludnu. ^~Blacknv.\52-Fl dan. 27* 

 -Matth. 1 V I -Ger. \2$0-Lob. obs. 504. C-iW. 24C- 

 Dod. J&-U \-Ger. em. li/C-J. B. i. oG'O. 2-Trag. 9«1- 



| 



Lob. obs. 5.Q4. I. 



BIoss. with 5 clefts. Summit notched. Berry with 4 seeds. 

 The inner bark is yellow ; the outer, sea-green, and the middle 

 bark red as blood. Linn. Berry with 3 cells. Scop. With 2 

 seeds E. bot. 



Black-berry-bearing Alder. Alder Buckthorn. Woods and 



wet hedges. [Woods, Suffolk. Mr. Woodward. Wood at 

 Smethwick, near Birmingham. St. Hedges at Pendeford, near 

 Wolverhampton. Mr. Pitt. Landsmouth Wood, 4 miles N. 

 of Knayton, Yorkshire Mr. Flintoff. Cotcliffe Wood, near 

 Burrowby. Mr. Robson.] S. April, May.+ 



i * 



EUONYMUS. BIoss. 5 petals : caps, coloured ; 



5-sided, 5-celled, 5-valved : seed-coat hol- 

 low : seed veiled. 



europse'us. E. Flowers mostly 4 -cleft : leaves sitting. 



E. bot. 362-F!. dan. \0^~K?iiph. 5-Trag. 083-GVr. 1284. 

 l-Dod.7$3-Lob. obs. 501. '2-Ger. em. 1468. l-Pari. 

 241. 1-J. B. 1.6. 201. 



A purgative syrup prepared from the berries is kept in the shops. 

 About an ounce of it is a moderate dose; but it generally occasions so 

 much sickness and griping that it is falling into disuse. The flesh of birds 

 that feed upon the berries is said to be purgative.— The juice of the un- 

 rip* berries is of the colour of saffron,and is used for staining maps or paper. 

 These are sold under the name of French Berries. The juice of the ripe 

 berries mixed with alum, is the sap green of the painters; but if they are 

 gathered late in the autumn the juice is purple. The bark affords a 

 / beautiful yellow dye. Goats, sheep, and horses cat it. Cows refuse it. 



+ From a quarter to half an ounce of the inner bark, boiled in small 

 beer, is a sharp purge. In dropsies, or constipations o( the bowels of 

 cattle, it is a very certain purgative.— The berries gathered before they 

 are ripe, dye wool green. The bark dyes yellow, and with preparations ot 

 iron black. Charcoal prepared from the wood is preferred by the makers 

 oi gunpowder.— The flowers are particularly grateful to bees. Goats de- 

 vour the leaves voraciously, and sheep will eat them. — The Pafil* 

 Rhamnly and Argus y live upon both the species. 



