r8g6. 



GARDENING. 



75 



it a compliment to the ladies of ten years 

 ago to have their names tacked on to va- 

 rieties that areentirely repudiated to-day? 

 Better be careful, folks are a good deal 

 more sensitive in this matter than one is 

 apt to think. 



The Japanese umbrella pine (Scia- 

 doptys verticillata). — A writer in the 

 (rardener's Chronicle says: "The soil they 

 grow best in is loam, peat and leaf soil in 

 equal parts. They require to be planted 

 in a sheltered situation, as cutting cold 

 winds very soon change their color; 

 they also require a certain amount ot 

 shade and copious supplies of water dur- 

 ing the summer months when growing 

 freely." New this is all very nice and 

 pretty and true too may be, but what on 

 earth's the use of all this fuss and feath- 

 er, enough to terrify a person into omit- 

 ting this little gem from his garden. 

 Turn into Gardening vol. I, October 1, 

 '92, cage 25, and look at the specimen 

 illustrated there, one of the Dosoris trees 

 engraved from a photograph. Wonder if 

 they have a handsomer one in England? 

 This is what we then wrote about it: "In 

 our gardens this pine is of the easiest pos- 

 sible cultivation. Fairly good ground, 

 good drainage and shelter in winter from 

 sweeping winds suit it very well. And 

 one great point in its favor is that few 

 evergreens are easier to be transplanted 

 successfully. The specimen in the picture 

 is growing on a gentle S. S. E. slope in 

 enriched very sandy land, well mulched 

 in summer, and other trees near by afford 

 it the necessary shelter from the searing 

 winds." One of the finest specimens of 

 this pine in the country is that at the 

 botanic gardens, Cambridge, Mass.; we 

 planted it there 17 or IS years ago; it 

 was a little plant in a pot, and we planted 

 it out in October. The winter was severe 

 and heaved it out of the ground, and it 

 lay on the top of the bed in the snow 

 from December till March, and it never 

 suffered the least injury so far as we de- 

 tected; we set it out again in spring and 

 it started to grow right away and has kept 

 at it ever since. 



TAB NEW PLANTS OF 1895. 



The A'evv Bulletin just to hand is 

 entirely devoted to a list of and brief 

 reierence to these. "The present list 

 includes not only plants brought into 

 cultivation for the first timeduring 1895, 

 but the most noteworthy of those which 

 have been reintroduced after being lost 

 from cultivation." In this list 363 new- 

 plants are referred to. Among them 

 orchids prevail, for instance, we have 13 

 catasetums, 25 cattleyas, 4 coelogynes, 

 43 cypripediums ar.d 2 selenipediums, 19 

 dendrubiums, 7 laelias, 16 telia-cattleya, 

 and 8 odontoglossums. 0( course these 

 are not all species, on the contrary, the 

 great majority are garden hybrids or 

 varieties differing slightly from the typi- 

 cal plants. 



America conies in for a fair share of the 

 honor of raising or dissemm nating these 

 new p ants. We note Agave Nickelsi, from 

 Texas; it looks like A. Yictoria-reginaj, 

 Hybrid birches from Betula pumila X 

 lenta are credited to the Arnold Arbore- 

 tum at Boston. Kahnia cuneata a decidu- 

 ous shrub, 2 to 3 feet high, and bearing 

 creamy white flowers, indigenous in 

 North Carolina is recorded from the Van- 

 derbilt Arboretum (Biltmore) at Asheville. 

 In Biltmore we also find Rhus Michauxii, 

 a low growing much spreading new 

 species found in the southern states. Mr. 

 Koebling of Trenton, N. J., owns a splen- 

 did collection oi orchids, and his garden- 

 er's name is Mr. Clinkabcrrv, an orchid 



specialist, then no wonder we find them 

 upholding our honor in this line. From 

 Mr. Roebling comes Cattleya Trianse 

 Roeblingiana, differing in color from the 

 type, and C. Triana? Clinkaberryana, a 

 large flower- d variety. He also is sponsor 

 for Cypripedium Hurrelliana, a garden 

 hybrid between C. argus and C. Curtisii; 

 C. Smithii which is a garden hybrid be- 

 tween C. Lawrenceanum and C. ciliolare 

 and Phajus Roeblingii, a new species, with 

 large Indian-yellow flowers. It comes 

 from Kasia Hills. Mr. R. M. Gray of 

 Trenton, N. J., has credit for Lxlio Cat- 

 tleya Trentonense, a garden hybrid 

 between Cattleya elegans and Lwlia 

 pumila. Crinum kircape is a garden 

 hybrid obtained byT L. Mead of Florida, 

 by crossing C. Kirkii and C. Capense- 

 longifolium. Nymphcea Omarana, raised 

 by Feter Bisset gardener to Mr. G.- C. 

 Hubbard of Washington, D. C is given 

 as a garden hybrid between N. dentata 

 and X. Sturtevantii. 



Other American plants mentioned are 

 Calochortu* luteus concolor, C. Lyoni, 

 and C. venvstuspictus, all from California; 

 Opuntia tulgida from Arizona; Pent- 

 stemon Gordoni, whose corr ct name is 

 P. glaber, from the northern states: 

 Leptosyne gigantea from California, and 

 Mimvlus Clevelandii from Southern Cali- 

 fornia; and the Coreopsis grandiflora 

 which has been so widely advertised and 

 sold of late. 



The Fruit Garden. 



PLANTING FRUIT TREES. 



I agree with Mr. Hoopes in his article 

 in Gardening, page 379, September 1, 

 1896, that it is difficult to make an infal- 

 lible selection of fruits for the entire coun- 

 try, even for a limited territory, as soil, 

 altitude and location vary so much. 

 Please let me add or substitute a few 

 varieties from experience and observation 

 in this section. 



Apples. — Early Harvest has been un- 

 certain on accountof fruit growingimper- 

 fect; Primate and Garrettson have given 

 better satisfaction To the autumn vari- 

 eties I would add Fanny, a Pennsylvania 

 apple not generally known, but in every 

 respect the peer of Gravenstein or Jeffries. 

 Smokehouse is another varieties which 

 has not given the satisfaction of former 

 years. Grimes Golden, which is unsur- 

 passed for quality shows positive evi- 

 dence of early decline in this stction. The 

 old Winesap is one of the leading winter 

 apples in some sections (especially in Vir- 

 g nia) and if Paragon will prove as much 

 superior as is claimed for it, it must be- 

 come one of the most valuable winter 

 apples. 



Pears.— Clapp has one fault, i. e., sub- 

 ject to core rot, which can be avoided to 

 a great extent by picking it early and 

 house-ripening it. Kirtland has the same 

 fault, but as a market pear I would pre- 

 fer the latter; both come at the same sea- 

 son. 



Of cherries, Napoleon, Rockport.^ 

 Gov. Wood and a few others vary little 

 in size, appearance and quality as also in 

 productiveness, in which perhaps Gov. 

 Wood will excel. Ida, a new cherry of 

 same season, of equal quality and ap- 

 pearance, and larger than either of the 

 former, is my first choice. Among Dukes 

 Mr. Hoopes choice would be mine, but 

 with us Early Richmond has always been 

 earlier than Montmorency. 



Peaches. — I would substitute Moun- 

 tain Rose for Early Rivers; it is not 



quite so early, but far superior in qual- 

 ity, with slight difference in size. Stu- 

 art, the World and Old Mixon are so 

 similar in size, quality and time of ripen- 

 ing that either will fill the same bill, 

 but I would have Reeves in the smallest 

 collection. It comes before Late Craw- 

 ford, but of better quality and fully equal 

 in size, possibly, though, not quite so 

 productive. Globe comes between Reeves 

 and Late Crawford; in quality between 

 the two, but in size larger than either; in 

 this section, however, it has not been 

 sufficiently productive to induce extensive 

 plantings. Salway coming after Smock 

 is not to be recommended too far north, 

 since it will not ripen well in cool and 

 wet weather, but if warm and dry at 

 ripening season it will color nicely and 

 be of first quality. H. M. Engle. 



Marietta Pa. 



WINTER PROTECTION FOR BERRY BUSAES. 



Winter protection is an absolute neces- 

 sity for growing small fruits successfully 

 in a northern climate. It should be prac- 

 ticed in every locality where the tempera- 

 ture reaches zero, or below. Even in 

 localities where plants show no injury, 

 and among those considered most hardy, 

 the vitality is often affected, and the suc- 

 ceeding crop much reduced. 



The best winter protection for black- 

 berries, raspberries and grapes consists 

 in laying them down and covering lightly 

 with dirt. If plants have been well 

 mulched in summer with green clover, 

 clean straw, or coarse manure, as they 

 should be, less dirt is required by using 

 this mulching. In laying plants down 

 (the rows running north and south), 

 commence at the north end, remove the 

 dirt from the north side of the hill about 

 four inches deep; gather the branches in 

 close form with a wide fork, raising it 

 toward the top of the bush and press 

 gently to the north, at the same time 

 placing the foot firmly on the base of the 

 hill, and press hard toward the north. 

 If the ground is hard, or bushes old, a 

 second man may use a potato fork in- 

 stead of the foot, inserting same deeply, 

 close to south side of hill, and press over 

 slowly, until nearly flat on the ground. 

 The bush is then held down with wide fork 

 until properly covered. The top of suc- 

 ceeding hill should rest near the base of 

 preceding hill, thus making a continuous 

 covering. In the spring remove the dirt 

 carefully, with a fork, and slowly raise 

 the bush With hardy varieties, and in 

 mild winters, sufficient protection may 

 be had by laying down and covering the 

 tips only. Grapes, being more flexible, 

 are laid down without removal of dirt 

 near the vine. There is no more import- 

 ant work in the fruit garden, than win- 

 ter pro ection, and there is no work more 

 generally neglected. Let it be done thor- 

 oughly, after frosts have come, and be- 

 fore winter set in. M. A. Thayer. 

 Sparta, Wis. 



THE RUSSIAN TREE FRUITS. 



It is now more than fifty 3'ears since a 

 few varieties of Russian apples reached 

 America by way of England. Of these 

 Oldenburg, Astrachan, Alexander and 

 Tetofsky were accepted and propagated 

 to some extent as desirable summer and 

 early fall fruit. Few if any additions 

 were made to this list until about 20 

 yearsago; when, at the urgency of settlers 

 in the new states of the upper Mississippi 

 valley, the Agricultural Department at 

 Washington brought to this country a 

 large assortment of Russian app'e trees. 

 cions of which were distributed through 

 both the East and West, and even as far 



