120 



GARDENING. 



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aw. /, 



ROSA MULTIFLORA JAPONICA AT RESIDENCE OP MR. THOS. N. COOK, CAMBRIDGE. MASS 



they do well are very desirable. The 

 southern European evergreen thorn (Cra- 

 taegus pyracantha) where it proves hardy 

 enough is exceedingly beautiful when 

 studded with its orange scarlet berries. 

 It is not hardy here unless well pro- 

 tected. We mulch our plants heavily 

 with leaves so that the frost never gets 

 near the roots. 



The "flowering dogwood" (Cornus 

 Roridus) with its red Iruit is very con- 

 spicuous throughout the fall in years 

 when it sets its seed freely. Some years 

 it bears fruit sparsely. The cornelian 

 cherry (C. mascula) fro-n Europe has 

 remarkably beautiful oblong large car- 

 mine red berries throughout late summer 

 and early fall, and a well grow specimeu 

 covered with the handsome fruit is what 

 any one may well be proud of in their 

 grounds. Tbesilky dogwood (C. sericea) 

 has showy blue fruit, and the almost 

 herbaceous dwarf dogwood or bunch 

 berry, C. canadensis, when it carpets 

 the ground thickly with its globular clus- 

 tered fruits, is a little gem. 



Quite a large number of the bush honey- 

 suckles are conspicuous in fruit through- 

 out late summer and early fall. The dif- 



ferent forms of the Tartarian honey- 

 suckle have yellow and red tinted fruit 

 and are always noticeable. 



On former occasions in the pages of 

 Gardening we have called attention to 

 the handsome fruit displays of Lonicera 

 bella, particularly the form under the 

 name of albida. When the curving 

 branches are enveloped with the conspic- 

 uous red fruit, this magnificent shrub 

 always attracts the attention of every 

 one L. Morrowii makes a good display 

 of fruit. Amongst the twining species L. 

 glauca has attractive bunches of red ber- 

 ries late in the season. John Dunbar, 

 Asst Supt. of Parks, Rochester, N. V. 



WINTER PROTECTION FOR TREES AND 

 SHRUBS. 



It may seem late in the season to sug- 

 gest winter covering for trees and shrubs, 

 but as a matter of fact there is no need to 

 do the work of covering until after the 

 New Year comes. It is usually done be- 

 fore this date, not that it is necessary, but 

 that it can be done more comfortably be- 

 fore ice and snow put in an appearance. 

 In many commercial places where profits 

 compel close attention to such matters. 



the covering of stock commences at about 

 Christmas time, not before. At the 

 present writing, December 18, the mer- 

 cury has fallen to 18° more than once 

 this month, yet I am sure nothing that 

 we usuallv cover is any the worse for it, 

 though still fully exposed. It is the bright 

 sunlight of February and March that we 

 protect against, when followed by cold 

 nights. 



The best protection is that which keeps 

 the foliage in partial darkness and the 

 frost from penetrating to the roots. The 

 warmth and intense light of the sunny 

 days of early spring and the strong winds 

 and freezings at night cause such a loss of 

 moisture by transpiration, that the plants 

 cannot survive it uninjured. There should 

 be forest leaves enough placed about the 

 plants that but little frost will get 

 through them, and leaves or evergreen 

 brancnes placed to shelter the foliage, 

 when evergreens are in question. It is a 

 mistake to think that cold winds do all 

 the damage. It is not uncommon to see 

 a fence erected in winter on the north side 

 of rhododendron and other evergreen 

 beds, with no covering at all over the 

 plants. I am not sure that this is of any 

 use at all. It breaks the wind, but it 

 raises the temperature about the plants 

 in the day time making them more liable 

 to injury by thelowtemperatureatnight. 

 With forest leaves about tiie plants or 

 covering of some kind, as already sug- 

 gested, the fence is a great benefit. My 

 own experience convinces me that the 

 keeping of frost from the roots is the best 

 kind of protection. A plant so covered 

 seems better able to supply the moisture 

 which is so urgently called for in winter 

 than one that has its roots in frozen soil, 

 and it matters not whether it be ever- 

 green or deciduous. 



We are more favored in Philadelphia 

 than many of your readers are for there 

 is hardly a coniferous evergreen of any 

 kind in common use that we have to 

 cover. Irish yews are sometimes browned 

 on the sunny side, the deodar cedar may 

 lose the topmost, exposed foliage; cepha- 

 lotaxus will sometimes be nipped a little 

 on its extreme ends, and Cunninghamia 

 lanceolata likewise, and all these are the 

 better for the protection of some ever- 

 green boughs. But our Lawson cypress 

 and Thuyopsis borealis which so many 

 find necessary to cover, are never hurt 

 here, no matter how cold the winter be. 



Among broad leaved evergreens our 

 gardeners like to cover nearly all of them 

 though many are cpjite hardy, for the 

 sake ot preserving the foliage in good con- 

 dition, as there is so much more pleasure 

 in viewing a plant with its foliage green 

 and fresh in spring than otherwise. In 

 the list are the following: Magnolia 

 grandiffora, Aucuba Japonica, Skimmia 

 Japonica, Daphne cneorum, Euonymus 

 Japonicus, English holly and Mahonia 

 aquifolia and rhododendrons. 



The English holly seems to me to be a 

 much hardier evergreen than is imagined. 

 Given a start when young, by protecting 

 it in winter, as suggested, it seems to 

 need none at all afterwards, and what is 

 more carries its foliage well through the 

 winter. Skimmia Japonica does the same. 

 But Magnolia grandiffora, though hardy 

 enough when so treated, does not keep its 

 foliage well, neither does Aucuba Japonica 

 nor Euonymus Japonicus and its varieties, 

 and these are the better for being shaded. 

 It will be in place to suggest here that 

 when planting these and similar ever- 

 greens they be set in some place free from 

 much sun in the winter season. 



Among deciduous trees and shrubs 

 benefitted by a covering above the roots, 



