i8 97 . 



GARDENING. 



H7 



NEW ROSE SOUVENIR DU PRESIDENT CARNOT. 



but the balance mentioned should prove 

 hardy. The red-flowering dogwood lived 

 with me, but did not flower. The white 

 form is not indigenous to our woods. If 

 If they are, near Frankfort Springs the 

 red variety should succeed. The purple- 

 leaved filbert winter kills with me, as 

 does the California privet. Rhus cotimis 

 will sometimes blight in summer if grown 

 in too rich a soil. Try a well drained 

 gravelly soil. 



The tulip tree should always be planted 

 in the spring and only young trees three 

 to four feet high selected, and these should 

 be well cut in. If you have done your 

 planting in the fall, try spring planting, 

 and if much exposed to bleak winter 

 winds wrap up the trunks for one or two 

 winters or place wind breaks around 

 them. 



Lilacs. — Examine the sprouts. Many 

 of the newer lilacs are worked on privet 

 stock; if yours are, cut them out. Many 

 prefer to grow lilacs in bushy tree forms; 

 they are easier kept within bounds by 

 pruning immediately after blooming and 

 are kept to a low head. If you grow to 

 a single stem and convert the entire 

 ground space occupied by the group into 

 one cultivated bed, you can hide the bare 

 ground by planting Hypericum aureum 

 or Berberis Thunbergii in between the 

 lilacs. You can also cover with Vinca 

 minor or Euonymus radicans, either the 

 green or variegated form. 



Clematis. — Cut them back to within 

 one foot of the ground next spring (could 

 have been done last fall). There is no 

 object in saving the old wood, as the 

 varieties you mention bloom on the new 

 wood. 



Hall's honeysuckle. — Cutting this back 

 is a matter of condition and taste. If 

 Jack Frost don't do it for you, and it; 



does not climb too high or become bare 

 at the bottom, leave it alone. You can 

 cut it back if desired. It blooms on the 

 new wood. 



Pawpaw. — Presume you mean the tree 

 form, Asimina triloba, sometimes called 

 the custard apple. This is indigenous to 

 western New York but more abundant 

 westward to Iowa and southward to 

 Florida. The late Mr. A. S. Fuller grew 

 it on his grounds, which might be consid- 

 ered an upland position. A. parriflora, 

 the small-flowered pawpaw of the south, 

 is a shrub found only in drv soils. 



\V. C. E. 



INSECTS DESTROYING OUR ORNAMENTAL 

 AND SAADE TREES. 



BY JAMES JENSEN, SUPT. HUMBOLDT PARK, CHI- 

 CAGO. 



[Read be/ore the Horticultural Society of Ch icago, 

 January 9.] 



The injury done through the agency of 

 insects to our ornamental and shade 

 trees has taken such proportions that 

 the greatest precautions should be exer- 

 cised to stop the depredations of these 

 pests. 



During the droughts of '93, '94 and '95, 

 trees that did not receive artificial water- 

 ing suffered to such an extent that in 

 their weak condition they fell an easy 

 prey to the destructive insects, and the 

 year just at a close by no means records 

 a diminution of the pests. 



The insects that will be treated in this 

 paper can be divided into three classes, 

 viz.: Scale insects, leaf feeders and borers. 



Of scale insects, the one most common 

 and well known is the cottony maple 

 scale (Pulrinaria innumerabilis, Rath- 

 von). This scale has proved itself very 

 troublesome to maples, especially Acer 

 dasycarpum and its varieties, also to the 

 box elder or ash-leaved maple (Negundo 



aceroides), but still more so on Crataegus 

 coccinea. This insect first settles on the 

 leaves, and later migrates to the twigs, 

 where it is easily noticed by the waxy or 

 cottony egg-masses. The proper time to 

 fight it is in its early stages, and this can 

 be done by spraying with kerosene emul- 

 sion. All our scarlet-fruited thorns (Cra- 

 taegus coccinea) were infested with it this 

 summer. We used two sprayings of 

 Paris-green at intervals of four to five 

 days with good effect. 



The oyster-shell bark louse (Mytilaspis 

 .pomorum, Bouche) infests maple, linden 

 and elm, usually on the smaller limbs 

 and branches, but also on heavier wood. 

 Trees attacked by this scale show a crip- 

 pled appearance and drop their foliage 

 early. A wash consisting of whale-oil 

 soap (2 pounds to 1 gallon of water) 

 soon after the leaves fall in ajtumn (and 

 if not effective another before the buds 

 open in spring) will greatly diminish the 

 pest. Another method is spraying with 

 kerosene emulsion about the first of June, 

 when the louse is in its young state. 



Leaf feeders. — Though not very trouble- 

 some to our ornamental trees in this lat- 

 itude so far, a few remarks might not be 

 out of place. The caterpillar of the tus- 

 sock moth, (Orygia leucostigma. Smith 

 and Abbot) seems to be more abundant 

 in the city than on the outskirts, and is 

 usually found on the ash-leaved maple 

 (Acer Negundo, Negundo aceroides) and 

 Acer dasycarpum, with varieties. U. S. 

 Entomologist L. 0. Howard gives an ac- 

 count of this insect in the Report of U. S. 

 Dept. of Agriculture for 1895, and also 

 relates here the girdling of twigs on the 

 American elm in Albany, to such an ex- 

 tent that the sidewalks were covered 

 with broken off leaves. This same occur- 

 rence was reported to me last summer 

 from Mt. Olivet Cemetery, but the trees 

 attacked here were maples. 



The willow tussock moths (Orygia 

 definita, Packard) have shown them- 

 selves so numerous the last two seasons 

 on Salix alba, planted on streets in the 

 vicinity of Humboldt Park, that they 

 were totally defoliated; and to the great 

 benefit of these thoroughfares, a number 

 of them have been cut down, to give 

 room for better and more appropriate 

 shade trees. 



The eggs of the Orygia are deposited on 

 the bark, and are very easily detected on 

 account of their white color. They re- 

 main on the trees during winter, and 

 where not too numerous can be hand- 

 picked, and afterwards destroyed by 

 burning. A more rapid method is using 

 a sponge fastened to a long pole, the 

 sponge being saturated with creosote oil 

 to which turpentine has been added, so 

 as to keep it liquid in cold weather. This 

 has been applied to the egg-masses with 

 good results. 



The fall web worm (Hyphantria cunea, 

 Drury) might also be mentioned here, and 

 is, as far as my observation goes, usually 

 found on linden. Its large web, spun 

 among the smaller twigs, and full of cat- 

 erpillars, is very easily noticed during 

 midsummer. They can be destroyed, 

 either by cutting off the limb, or, what is 

 still better, by applying a torch, consist- 

 ing of a rag saturated with kerosene. If 

 very numerous, use some arsenical spray. 

 During the summer of '95 some of our 

 lindens were alive with an insect that 

 Mr. N. Osborn, of the Iowa Agricultural 

 College, called Lachnuslongistigmus, and 

 for which he recommended kerosene emul- 

 sion as a remedy. Fortunately it did not 

 appear this year, and I have not been 

 able to study it any further. 

 I shall also call attention to the elm- 



