*5° 



4 ' ' GARDENING. 



Peb. 



ous blue globular flowerheads during 

 June, July and August. Globularias are 

 rather dwarf, compact growing plants 

 and thrive in most any situation or soil, 

 but are best adapted for shady nooks, 

 height not above 10 inches. 



Aquilegias of all descriptions succeed 

 admirably under such conditions, though 

 nearly all of them will also do in full 

 exposure to the sun. but partial shade 

 seems to suit them, even in close prox- 

 imity to large trees or shrubs, and where 

 the roots of these run into the border, 

 thev may be successfully introdaced. 



f)elphiniutn nudicaule, D. cashmerianum 

 and D. Brunoniazwm, which are not often 

 seen in perfection, should be grown in 

 partial shade where they are protected 

 from the hot sun. They are not tall 

 growers, from 12 to 18 inches is their 

 usual height, and they are not at all diffi- 

 cult to manage under such conditions. 



Arnebia echioides is a pretty little thing 

 for shady positions; it has pale yellow 

 flowers and bio ms in Maj - or June, 

 growing about 10 inches high. 



Dicentra esimea, although not requir- 

 ing any shade, will grow more luxuri- 

 antly and its foliage will be longer and 

 more perfect if protected from the sun. 

 As it is nearly all summer in full bloom, 

 and the foliage is very ornamental, the 

 desirability of this plant for such placesis 

 plain enough. 



Dodecatheon media and D. integrifolia 

 really requires the shade of overhanging 

 branches and absolutely will not do 

 where fully exposed, especially in a rather 

 dry situation; they like best a low and 

 moist ground under lofty trees; their 

 pretty, deep rosy flowers appear in the 

 spring on the first named and in early 

 summer on the other. 



Thalictrum aquilegifolium grows lux- 

 uriantly and perfects its large racemes of 

 white, lilac or purplish feathery and loose 

 flowers much better here than where no 

 protection from the sun can be afforded; 

 it grows equally well in rather dry and in 

 moist ground, but its height varies con- 

 siderable in such cases. I have seen good 

 old clumps in dry open borders only 2M> 

 to 3 feet in height, while other plants of 

 the same age in low and damp ground, 

 protected from the sun, were over 6 feet 

 high- 

 Campanulas, with very few exceptions, 

 may safely be planted in shady places and 

 though they may here grow a trifle taller, 

 their delicate flowers will be produced 

 with the same freedom as in the open 

 border. 



Lobelia cardinalis, L. fulgens and the 

 large blue flowering L. syphilitica are 

 sure to give best satisfaction under pre- 

 cisely such conditions, especially if the 

 soil is inclined to retain the mois ure. 



Inula glandulosa is a good subject for a 

 prominent place where a large yellow 

 flower is wanted; it blooms in July and 

 August and grows about 2 feet high; give 

 it a rather dry soil. Inula hirta, another 

 yellow free-blooming, compact-growing 

 plant is well woi th growing; it is 12 to 

 15 inches in height, with narrow foliage, 

 and it stands a shady position equally 

 well. 



Waldsteinia fragarioides with straw- 

 berry-like foliage and flowers of a j-ellow 

 color in spring, forms a dense mass of 

 foliage and is very recommendable forthe 

 dryer portions under and near the trees. 

 Hellebores are just the things for the 

 shaded sections in the border and trilli- 

 ums do better here than in the open 

 spaces. 



For deeper shaded places and where the 

 branches overhanging the border are 

 lower down, so as to interfere to some 



extent with the free circulation of air, I 

 can recommend but few plants with 

 safety. Most all primulas will succeed 

 fairly well here. Hepaticas in variety are 

 excellent and do well in the dryer por- 

 tions. The epimediums may not do quite 

 as well in the densest shade, but their del- 

 icate bronzy colored foliage preserves its 

 charming coloring better here, and usu- 

 ally they also flower some days longer 

 than they would under other circum- 

 stances. 



Ourisia coccinea likes to be in the shade 

 all day, has well furnished spikes of very 

 showy large scarlet flowers, and is about 

 a foot high, but requires to be surrounded 

 by stiff clay, and the roots have to be 

 firmly and tightly imbedded into this 

 material, pounding and packing the clay 

 with a wooden mallet around the roots 

 as hard as possible; select a moist place 

 for it. The foliage is very ornamental, 

 irregularly notched or cut along the outer 

 edges. In most seasons it blooms nearly 

 continuously all through summer. 



The evergreen large leaved saxifragas, 

 such as S. cordifolia, S. crassi folia, S. 

 purpurea and S. ligulata may safely be 

 planted in this position. Several of the 

 spiraeas, like S. filipendula, S. astilboides 

 and S. palmata have no objection to 

 densely shaded places, and Anemone syl- 

 vestris is one of the best and most accom- 

 modating plants, for it flowers under any 

 circumstances, sun or shade does not 

 seem to make any difference in the pro- 

 duction of its pure white flowers. Omp- 

 halodes verna will also produceits pretty 

 forget-me-not like flowers if not planted 

 in the very darkest corners. Mertensia 

 virginica and M. siberica, both with blue 

 flowers in spring and not growing over a 

 foot or so high, delight intheshade of the 

 trees, but should only be employed where 

 the ground is moist and light. 



I could have made the list of shade lov- 

 ing plants much longer, but it is not my 

 intention to give here a complete list of 

 them. Those mentioned in the above are 

 all, or nearly all, well-known everydaj- 

 plants which are found in most all collec- 

 tions, and none of them require any 

 special treatment aside from a shady 

 position; in fact the majority of them will 

 thrive as well in any ordinary well pre- 

 pared border. J. B. Keller. 



Rochester, N. Y. 



L1LIUM GIGflNTEUM. 



This choice and beautiful lily is the 

 most majestic of lilies. It grows to a 

 height of six to ten feet and has large 

 heart-shaped leaves quite distinct from 

 those of all other lilies. The flowerstems 

 are stout and erect and carry six to 

 twelve long trumpet-shaped white flow- 

 ers. This lily is not seen much in cultiva- 

 tion, as large flowering bulbs are quite 

 expensive. It likes a half shady place to 

 grow in and is quite hardy with us here 

 with a light protection; but great care 

 has to be taken in spring to protect 

 against late frosts, as the young shoots 

 are liable to be hurt; we use bell glasses 

 for this purpose, putting them on at 

 night and taking them off in the morn- 

 ings. There is little use in getting small 

 bulbs of this lily, as it will take them 

 years to flower. Good flowering bulbs 

 are of large size, 12 to 18 inches in cir- 

 cumference. 



We flowered this lily last summer, but 

 the flowers did not all open, as it takes it 

 a year or two to get well established. It 

 likes good soil to grow in, and a place 

 should be prepared for it, using chopped 

 sods, leaf soil and sand. If manure is 

 added let it be in the bottom of the hole, 

 which should be about three feet deep. 



The bulbs should be planted about a foot 

 deep, placed on a layer of clean sand and 

 covered over with sand; this keeps the 

 bulbs clean and away from any decayed 

 material that may be in the soil. 



This lily should be planted in a some- 

 what sheltered place, as windstorms dam- 

 age the leaves and this greatly detracts 

 from the beauty of the plant. It likes a 

 well drained soil, but plenty of water 

 should be given in its growing season. We 

 always keep a mulching of manure onour 

 lilies and find it of great benefit to them, 

 as it retains the moisture and keeps the 

 ground around the plants cool. 



Mahwah, N. J. David Fraser. 



PERENNIALS FROM SEED. 



J. W. G. wants the names of a few good 

 perennials which he can grow from seed. 

 Seedlings of herbaceous plants, with few 

 exceptions, will not bloom the first sea- 

 son and should be grown for a year in a 

 frame or sheltered spot where they can be 

 watered occasionally, so as to encourage a 

 strong and healthy growth. The seed 

 may be sown in boxes or in the frame, 

 slightly shaded until theyoungplants are 

 up, then as soon as large enough they 

 should be transplanted far enough apart 

 to allow them to spread, without crowd- 

 ing each other; just after transplanting a 

 slight shading for a few days will greatly 

 assist the establishment of the young 

 seedlings and in the fall or following spring 

 they are ready to be removed to their 

 permanent places. 



The care and attendance these plants 

 require during the whole of a season 

 involving a lot of tedious labor, is a mat- 

 ter which in many cases has been found 

 rather unprofitable, because most of the 

 plants are easily increased by division 

 and then if an}- special varieties with 

 peculiarities in flower or foliage are to be 

 increased we are not sure by any means 

 of finding a reasonable percentage among 

 the young seedlings, which possess the 

 characteristics of the parent plants, there- 

 fore under such circumstances it would 

 seem best to rely only on division. By a 

 very small investment in a dozen plants 

 and planting these in well prepared soil 

 for one season, dividing them in fall or 

 spring, we can work up a stock of such 

 varieties as we want for our gardens 

 fast enough and with far less labor, being 

 also sure of propagating the original 

 type. 



In all cases of double-flowering plants 

 it would be impossible to tell the singles 

 from the doubles until they were large 

 enough to produce flowers. Yet quite a 

 number of things ma}' be grown success- 

 fully from seed, but J. W. G. does not 

 mention any particular purpose he wants 

 them for; if for border use, or cutting pur- 

 poses, for the shrubbery or whether he 

 intends to start in on a general collection, 

 though I piesume Mr. G. only cares to 

 have a few desirable plants for a private 

 garden and the following list may suit 

 the climate of Los Angeles perfectly well. 

 However he may experience some diffi- 

 culty in procuring seed of all those men- 

 tioned, for as there is but a very limited 

 demand for such seed, few of our seeds- 

 men care to keep it in stock. 



Agrostemma coronaria, Agrostemma 

 flos-Jovis, Alyssum saxatile compactum, 

 Centranthus ruber. Delphinium formo- 

 sum, D. hybridum and D. sinense, Helian- 

 thus rigidus, Helianthus buttaris, Helian- 

 thus lxtiflorus, Paparer nudicaule in 

 several colors, Anthemis tinctoria, Aqui- 

 legia coerulea, A chrysantha, A. canaden- 

 sis, primulas in variety for half shaded 

 positions, auriculas, for similar places, 



