74 



GARDENING. 



Nov. 15, 



Published the 1st and 15th of each Month 



BT 



THE GARDENING COMPANY, 



Monon Building, CHICAGO. 



Subscription Price. J2. 00 a Year— 24 Numbers. Adver- 

 tising rateB on application. 

 Entered at Chicago postoffice as Becond-claBB matter. 

 Copyright, 18!fi, by The Gardening Co. 



Address all communications to The Garden- 

 ing Co., Monon Building, Chicago. 



Gardening is gotten up for Its readers and In their 

 Interest, and It behooves you. one and all. to make It 

 Interesting. If it does not exactly suit your case, 

 please write and tell ua what you want. It 1b our 

 desire to help you. 



ask any questions you please about plants, 

 flowers, fruit*, vegetables or other practical gardening 

 matters. We will take pleasure In answering them. 



SEND us Notes of your experience In gardening In 

 any line; tell us of your Buccesses that others may be 

 enlightened and encouraged, and of your failures, 

 perhaps we can help you. 



Send us Photographs or Sketches of your 

 flowers, gardens, greenhouses, fruits, vegetables, or 

 horticultural appliances that we may have them en- 

 graved for Gardening. 



CONTENTS. 



CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 



The exhibitions {9 illus.) 65 



the flower garden. 



The spring flower garden 66 



Herbaceous plant notes 67 



Bed of grasses— Holly 68 



Protecting clematis ... 69 



The season's flowers 70 



Aster tartaricus 70 



trees and shrubs. 



Beautiful autumn tints 70 



Hardy vines .... 70 



Hibiscus manihot 71 



Pruning vines in the fall 72 



Bridge at Edgemoor (illus.) 72 



Berried shrubs 72 



Araucarias ... 72 



Euonymus Thunbergianus 73 



Acer rufineive 73 



Catalpas ... 73 



the greenhouse. 



Microlepia hirta cristata 73 



the cold frame. 

 An amateur's cold-frame 75 



the fruit-c;arden. 

 Protecting figs in winter 78 



See if your shrubs or trees are not 

 crowding each other, if so remove some. 

 Over crowded plants never make fine 

 specimens. 



How well the snapdragons are hold- 

 ing on and blooming. Plant some again 

 next year by all means. They bloom late 

 and will stand several degrees of frost. 



The California poppies ( Eschscholtzin 

 californica) are still blooming out doors in 

 the Chicago gardens, an unusual thing at 

 this season (October 2-i). When once 

 planted it seeds itself and conies up freely 

 each year. 



Where the SMALL limbs or branches 

 of young trees or shrubs were tied into 

 shape in the early summer in order to fill 

 a gap or produce symmetry, unfasten 

 the bindings now. The plant in making 

 its growth formed its new wood along 

 the lines assumed by the branches as tied 

 and will now hold themselves in theirnew 

 shapes. 



Examine carefully the contents of 

 the five volumes of Gardening now com- 

 plete, and see if there is anything about 

 any plant that can be grown in this 

 country, in or out doors, that has not 

 been fully written up by the most success- 

 ful practical growers of America. If you 

 find any omissions, or want any informa- 

 tion of any character that comes within 

 the limits of the purposes of this journal, 

 write to its editor and you shall receive 

 an authentic published reply. 



Go over your beds and replace any 

 rotted stake-labels, before the spreading 

 of manure or winter's protection destroy 

 them. Examine all trees or shrubs having 

 labels attached by wires, and see if they 

 are injuring the plant. 



The small rose "White Pet" of the 

 multiflora type, is one of the most satis- 

 factory outdoor roses to grow. It is as 

 hardy as ClothildeSoupert, and nearly as 

 free a bloomer. It blooms in clusters, each 

 flower when fully expanded being about 

 half an inch in diameter. 



If you have a pet evergreen newly 

 planted, or some valuable shrub or small 

 tree whose hardiness is questionable, 

 situated in a windy place, put a solid 

 board protection to the exposed side, or 

 even all around it, leaving it open at the 

 top. Semi-hardy evergreens may re safely 

 carried through the winter by shading 

 them from the sun during the cold 

 weather. 



Cut some seed stalks of the eulalias for 

 large winter bouquets. They will last 

 several years, although in furnace heated 

 rooms the flower heads become in time 

 discolored. Don't cut them with short 

 stems. You then loose the graceful form 

 a bunch with long stems assumes. Cut 

 them at least four feet long. If your 

 rooms are large enough, make a large 

 bouquet, cutting the stems six or more 

 feet long. 



If you want to move a large tree from 

 one part of your grounds to another or 

 from the woods, dig a circular trench 

 about three to four feet away from the 

 bole, any time after light freezing has 

 occured and before very hard weather 

 sets in. Dig deep enough to get under the 

 roots, making the ball smaller at the bot- 

 tom, then wait until the ball of earth is 

 well frozen. Raise with jack screws and 

 load upon a low stone wagon. In the 

 meantime a wide hole six to eight feet in 

 diameter and three deep should be made 

 where the tree is to go, and nearly filled 

 with good soil. Immediately over it 

 should be put one or two loads of manure 

 to prevent the soil from freezing, so it can 

 readily be used in the replanting. The 

 manure may then be spread upon the 

 lawn. 



We lately" saw a church altar deco- 

 rated with cosmos where the stems were 

 not over six to eight inches long utterly 

 spoiling the effect of this beautiful flower 

 and saw the same error committed on a 

 home decorated dinner table at a house 

 where extensive grounds enabled the 

 owner to gather all the flowers desired and 

 with as long stems as nature attached 

 to them. Ignorance of how to use them 

 so detracted from their beauty and 

 grace, that the table would have looked 

 better without them. All cut flowers 

 should have enough of their stems and 

 foliage to allow them to be placed loosely 

 in the vases, and to furnish their own 

 green. Cosmos should be cut with stems 

 two and one-half to three feet and with 

 them as with all flowers, the foliage 

 attached to that part of the stem that is 

 immersed in water should be removed, as 

 it fouls the water. 



PRINCIPLES OF PLANT CULTURE. 



BY PROF. E. S. GOFF. 



This is a most excellent work just out. 

 In the preface Prof. Goff says: "This book 

 has grown out of the author's experience 

 iii the lecture room and laboratory, while 

 giving instruction to students in the 

 short course in agriculture, in the Univer- 

 sity of Wisconsin. It is intended espe- 

 cially for students who have had little or 

 no previous instruction in botany, and 



it is hoped that it may also be found 

 interesting and profitable to the general 

 reader who would learn more of the prin- 

 ciples that underlie theculture of plants." 



Prof. Goff has evidently profited by his 

 experience in the lecture room, an experi- 

 ence that has brought him in contact 

 with minds of all degrees of comprehen- 

 sion, as his language is clear and concise, 

 and easily understood. Any reader of 

 Gardening who would like to become 

 more intimate with plant life and have a 

 more thorough knowledge of its so-called 

 mysteries can read this book with profit 

 and pleasure. 



After the Introductorv Chapter, Chap- 

 ter II treatsof "The Round of Plant Life," 

 following and explaining the phenomena 

 ot plant growth from the seed to matur- 

 ity. The third chapter is on "The Plant 

 as Affected by Unfavorable Environment," 

 treating it under the following headings: 

 Plants as Affected by Heat, Plants as 

 Affected by Cold, Method of Averting 

 Injury by Cold, Plants as Affected by 

 Unfavorable Water Supply, Excessive or 

 Insufficient; Plants Affected by Animal 

 and Fungous Parasites, Giving Remedies, 

 etc. The fourth is devoted to Plant 

 Manipulation in Explaining Propagation 

 by seed, division, suckers, stolons, layer- 

 ing, cutting, grafting and budding, and 

 ending with instructions covering trans- 

 planting and pruning. 



The filth and last chapter under the 

 heading of "Plant Breeding" explains the 

 methods bv which the best varieties of 

 flowers and fruits are obtained and be- 

 come fixed. In all there are some 265 

 pages of very interesting and instructive 

 matter. The chapter on transplanting 

 and pruning should be read by all who 

 plant and prune. 



NOTES. 



"Heavenly Blue" is all right as an 

 English name, the botanical name is 

 Ipomea rubro cccrulea. While it is a glo- 

 rious vine for California and the southern 

 states, our summers in the north are too 

 short for it as an out door vine. With 

 its roots cramped in pots, however, you 

 may have it in bloom in July. We have it 

 in fine flower in a warm conservatory 

 now. There is also a white flowered 

 variety of it. 



Clematis paniculata, should it be cut 

 back? Yes, by all means. Cut it right 

 down to within six inches of the ground, 

 and mulch about it with litter, and next 

 spring it will throw up strong shoots, 

 leafy Irom the ground, and they will bear 

 a sheet of bloom. 



Clematis paniculata from seed. 

 Gather the seed and sow it as soon as it 

 is ripe; you may sow it in flats, in a frame 

 or in a half-shady bed, and leave it out in 

 the frost except to throw a little litter 

 over it to keep the frost from heaving all 

 the seeds out of the ground, and next July 

 or August every seed should germinate. 

 Because the seedlings do not appear in 

 spring, don't despair, they'll come up 

 later. 



The Finest Scarlet Oak.— Ouercus 

 coccinea splendens was the name that 

 appealed to us in a reputable English cat- 

 alogue a year ago, so last spring we got 

 some of the young trees. They took good 

 hold and made a fair leaf growth and 

 now they are in their full tinted autumn 

 dress, and their foliage is markedly 

 brighter than that of the plain type. 



Guarding against insect pests — In 

 our proposals for trees and shrubs this 

 fall we require with the plants a clean 

 bill of health, that is an entomologist's 

 certificate that he has examined the stock 

 in the nursery and found it free from San 



