i8g8. 



iNING. 



261 



ORNAMENTAL BEDDING. 



TART m. 



Very often in designs, and especially in 

 scroll work, circles with different radii are 

 joined so that there is no break at the 

 intersections, no matter how much differ- 

 ence in size. This is only the case when 

 the circles intersect on the mutual diam- 

 eter. Fig. 7 will explain this better than 

 words. 



Fig- 7- 



These spirals consist of semi-circles of 

 different size, meeting each other on the 

 dotted line in which also all the centers 

 lie. Consequently, if you have a design 

 with this kind of intersections, you must 

 find the two centers, draw a line through 

 them and the intersection is where this 

 line cuts the curve. 



Fig 8. 



Fig. ,s. 1, Alter nanthera amccna spec 

 tabilis' 2, .4. aurea nana; 3, A. spatulata. 



Here is an example of this kind, the 

 intersections marked with crosses. This 



is also a different kind of a design as it is 

 symmetrical on the diameter and not on 

 the radius as the preceding ones; we can- 

 not find the centers by division, but must 

 "shoot centers" using two convenient 

 points as the base of construction. These 

 designs are more difficult to lay out, but 

 much prettier than the others, and can be 

 used with more success for smaller beds. 

 Fig. 8 for instance is for a seven foot circle. 

 A working sketch would look like Fig. 9. 

 Three of the centers are in the diameter; 

 the others are found by using two tape- 

 lines, putting the rings at the ends over 

 the points indicated (main center and 

 lower end of diameter) and adjusting 

 them until the respective measures meet, 

 and then we put a peg there; find the cor- 



Miscellaneous. 



Fig 10. 



responding center on the other side, draw 

 the respective curves, find the next two 

 centers, etc., mark the lines as you pro- 

 ceed. If you have only one tape line, slip 

 the ring over one of the main points, 

 draw with the indicated distance as 

 radius a short curve on both sides, about 

 where you judge the centers to lie, repeat 

 this operation from the other main point, 

 and the two centers are where the curves 

 intersect. Figs. 10 and 11 are two more 

 examples of this kind. 



Fig. 10. 1, Alternanthera am/L-na spec- 

 tabilis; 2, .4. aurea nana; 3, .4. spatulata; 

 4, Santolina incana. 



Fig. II. 



Fig. 11. 1, Alternanthera spatulata; 

 2, A. aurea nana; 3, A. amocna spectab- 

 ilis; 4-, Santolina incana. 



H. Hansen. 



Fig. 9- 



Colorado Horticultural Society. — 

 The directors of the Festival of Mountain 

 and Plain have offered the society $1,000 

 in prizes and ample room to hold its 

 annual show in Denver at the time and as 

 a part of the festival. 



PONDS AND LAKES fOR AQUATICS. 



Too often, unfortunately, we may still 

 sec ponds of circular or oval shape with 

 banks secured by stone walls or pebbles 

 set in cement concrete that show above 

 the water line. This may do for the 

 horsepond of a farmyard, but it will not 

 do for a water garden. If it is worth our 

 while to make a pond at all it should be 

 also worth our while to pay attention to 

 nature's most simple laws with regard to 

 beauty, and when an artificial pond 

 shows in its shore line curves that could 

 not possibly have been formed by nature 

 the effect is repulsive. When writing of 

 water in the rock garden I mentioned 

 that a pond in most cases should be 

 treated as an expanded streamlet, and 

 the curves of large ponds or lakes give no 

 exception to that rule. A natural pond 

 with a bold projection or promitory on 

 one side will almost invariably show a 

 still bolder recess on the opposite shore, 

 and vice versa. If such projections are 

 covered by vegetation that hides a por- 

 tion of the water, so that from no point 

 the whole of the surface can be seen, the 

 effect will be all the more picturesque. A 

 good example of this may be seen in the 

 lakes at Birkenhead Park, which, in con- 

 sequence of this partial obscuring of the 

 water from certain points, appears much 

 larger than it really is. 



In the case of a broad stream or river 

 ll« 1 wing through some meadows within 

 sight of the house, the simplest way to 

 produce a pond or lake would, of course, 

 be to widen the stream or river to the 

 size that would seem most desirable. But 

 if the pond and its banks are intended for 

 a water garden this course would not be 

 the most practical if the flow of water is 

 at all rapid, because, after heavy rains, 

 when the river swells and floods its sur- 

 roundings, there would not only be a 

 danger of the water plants being carried 

 away, but silt, gravel and river mud 

 would quickly fill up all recesses and thus 

 practically destroy the beautvof the pond 

 and choke the plants. The "best plan in 

 such a case is to "tap" the river, conduct 

 the water intended for the supplv of the 

 pond some distance away from the 

 original stream, and finally "let overflow 

 rejoin the river at a lower level. If the 

 water is first conveyed in pipes, and made 

 to flow in an opposite direction to that 

 of the river, the danger of chokage bv 

 mud or silt will be entirely avoided. 

 When laying out some grounds at Great 

 Marlow a few years ago I made a most 

 successful pond in the way just described, 

 by tapping the river Thames. In most 

 cases it may also be advisable to cover 

 the mouth of the pipe by wire netting to 

 keep out water rats and other vermin. 

 There is no reason why water drawn in 

 this way from a river should not, at some 

 little distance from the "tapping place," 

 reappear in the shape of a natural 

 streamlet before filling the pond, and 

 "here and there its water-soaked banks 

 might become the home of all kinds of 

 most suitable as well as beautiful plants. 

 In like manner the water emerging as over- 

 flow from the pond might form a pictur- 

 esque brook of any desirable length with 

 or without waterfalls before rejoining the 

 river. 



In a case like the preceding, where the 

 water supplv would be practically un- 

 limited, the comparatively small waste of 

 water through absorption bv the banks, 

 and perhaps also by the bottom of the 



