rSgS. 



GARDENING. 



345 



tatunv, and the northern bedstraw, pink 



yarrow and white; pearly everlnstingand 

 the pink everlasting are abundant in the 

 open woods and along the roadsides. In 

 shady plaees along streams several pur- 

 ple asters grew thriltily, the must showy 

 being Aster Frcmontii; and along the wet 

 margins of the Bow River is found Spi- 

 rant/res Romanzoffiana in great abund- 

 ance and beauty. Great clumps of Pedi- 

 cularis Groenlandica brighten the banks 

 of the Bow River with long spikes ol ma- 

 genta bloom. The pretty, but less showy 

 Pedieularis bracteosa is more abundant 

 in wet woods. There are two gentians — 

 the little Gentiana acuta, which is a pale 

 lavender, and the sturdy, somewhat 

 coarse G. Forwoodii, which is a deep blue, 

 decked on the corolla lobes with yellow. 

 Along this river also is found that most 

 beautiful flower, the shooting star I Do- 

 decathenn Mearfia.) 



"Banff owes much of its popularity t'i 

 the hot sulphur water that issues from 

 Sulphur Mountain. The Government 

 owns many of these springs. The 

 hot overflow from the Government 

 baths known as the Cave and Basin, 

 makes ponds which do not freeze over in 

 winter, and on their borders are found 

 plants which belong to a different lati 

 tude. Among these are the smaller 

 fringed gentian (Gentiaua detonsa) and 

 Lobelia Kalmii, notonly blooming ahead 

 of time but most of them growing in the 

 warm water. One of the excursions to 

 be made from here is to the "Hoodoos" — 

 curious rock formations — and on a 

 smooth, sandy plateau nearby were 

 three kinds of flowers which nearly cov- 

 ered the ground — Anemone patens var. 

 Nattalliana, best known as the pasque 

 flower, Campanula rotundifolia and 

 Iledvsarum Mackenzie. 



"A striking feature of the National Park 

 landscapes is the squirrel or fox-tailed 

 grass, Hordeum jubatum. Clumps of it 

 are found almost anywhere, but some- 

 times it takes possession of considerable 

 areas of level ground, and, waving in the 

 wind on a sunshiny morning, is one of the 

 most beautiful pictures imaginable. 



"On a drive to Devil's Lake we collected 

 blue flax, larkspurs, red anemone and 

 t',eum triBorum. These grew on level 

 spaces a little removed lrom the road. 

 The roadsides proper were crowded with 

 bluebells, fireweed, goldenrod. Artemisia 

 frigida, erigerons— pink, blue and purple 

 — Spirxa betulxfolia, troximons, gaillar- 

 dias. pink, white, blue and purple peas, 

 pearly everlasting, and pink and white 

 yarrow. 



The summits of Sulphur and Tunnel 

 Mountains were the abode of many 

 small alpine plants, mostly saxifragas and 

 heaths. 



"From Banff to Laggan is but a few- 

 miles. The railroad skirts the Bow- 

 River, whose banks were brilliant with 

 the painted cup, fireweed and patches ol 

 the western red lily (Lilium umbellatum), 

 just out of bloom. The swamps of Lake 

 Louise were covered with beautifully 

 colored sphagnum, and earlier in the sea- 

 son orchids had been abundant. The 

 woods were filled with a great variety of 

 fungi, many of which were brilliantly col- 

 ored and "fantasticlly shaped. Lichens 

 covered everything available, and the 

 mosses were exquisite and sometimes 

 very curious. Lake Louise is the most 

 beautiful place imaginable, combining 

 mountains, forest, snow, glaciers, and 

 water and sky, in such proportions as to 

 make it the perfection of scenery. The 

 forests of coniferous trees, mostly spruces, 

 are dark and dense, with long beards of 



gray moss falling from their lower 

 branches. The forests about Lake Lou- 

 ise have the advantage of having escaped 

 fires. The most characteristic tree of the 

 Canadian Rockies is reither the balsam 

 nor the spruce, but Lvall's larch, which is 

 found nowhere else. This is the last tree 

 before reachingthesiiow-line. Its needles 

 being deciduous and turning to a bright 

 yellow before falling, a very noticeable 

 band appears in August above the dark 

 foliage of the evergreens. 



"The plants most noticeable about 

 Lake Louise in August were Labrador 

 tea. the white rhododendron and Kalmia 

 glauca. Cottongrass covered the glacial 

 meadows at the head of Lake Louise, and 

 here was also Epilobium latifolium grow- 

 ing abundantly. Senecio triangularis 

 grew on the steep sides of the valley, and 

 was the only species of Senecio seen, 

 though at Banff there were several. Here 

 were also Saxifraga Lyallii. fireweed, 

 yellow columbine. (Atiuilegia flavescens), 

 the blue (.1. brevistyhi), and the red (.1. 

 formosa i . 



"A pretty little anemone (.1. paviflora) 

 bloomed almost in the snow. Still far- 

 ther up the valley on the lateral moraine, 

 a flower garden awaited us. Masses ot 

 purple pentstemons, the pink moss earn 

 pion. the night-blooming catchfly, Drj - 

 Drummondii, C;istilleia pallida, small 

 species of potentilla, a dwarf bluebell, 

 and specimens of a large rankly growing 

 yellow thistle covered the steep slope. 

 At Mirror Lake we found Arnica cordi- 

 folia, brilliant yellow and delightfully 

 fragrant; Valeriana Siichensis and erig- 

 erons more beautiful than any we had yet 

 seen. In the woods near Mirror Lake 

 were the lovely pink bells of Bryanthus 

 empctritormis, and at the upper lake — 

 Lake Agnes — Cassiope tetragona and C. 

 licxagona. The last pitch of the climb to 

 Lake Agnes was made beautiful by the 

 alpine flowers — Saxifraga bronchialis, 

 Sedum stenopetalum, etc. Castilleia, 

 pentstemons and columbines were every- 

 where. All around these lakes, wherever 

 there is moisture enough, is found the 

 most beautiful of all the wild flowers — 

 Myosotis sylvatica, the forget-me-not. 



"Leaving Laggan we proceeded to Gla- 

 cier through the most beautiful scenery. 

 Here the trees increased in size, and one 

 would hardly recognize them as the same 

 species that we had seen in the Rockies — 

 hngleman's spruce, Patton's hemlock, 

 the Douglas fir, the white pine, balsams 

 and flat cedar. In fact these were all we 

 had seen in the Rockies, except Lvall's 

 larch. These forests are as difficult to 

 penetrate — off the trail — as a tropical 

 jungle. One of the worst obstacles to 

 progress is the devil's club (Fatsia hor- 

 rida) a plant of the ginseng family — five 

 or six feet tall, with countless sharp 

 spines. Another barrier to progress is 

 furnished by the alders, whose low 

 branches are prostrate and spread in 

 every direction. The bushes grow as 

 compactly as a cultivated hedge and are 

 as impassable. The flowers still in bloom 

 at Glacier were few — several saxifragas, 

 Tiarella unifoliata, painted cup, fireweed, 

 crimson and yellow monkey flowers, etc. 

 On the snowsheds were many plants 

 common to the east. Plants new to us 

 were the goatsbeard. spiraea, salmon- 

 berry and a little claytonia. We saw. in 

 fruit, Actxa spicata, Streptopus amplcxi- 

 tnlius and S. brevipes and Smilacina race- 

 mo>:i. We found a most delicious blue- 

 berry and an abundance of raspberries." 



Much interest was added to the lecture 

 by stereoplicon views of mountain scen- 

 ery and flowers — the latter colored by 

 Mrs. Van Brunt. 



FRBD KAMST. 



WORKERS IN HORTICULTURE XIV. 



A quarter of a century of landscape 

 gardening for one institution is the record 

 which entitles Fred Kanst to recognition 

 in this department. Mr. Kanst was born 

 in Germany in 1S4-7 and came to America 

 with his parents He worked at garden- 

 ing at various places until March 20, 

 1873, when he was selected as head gar- 

 dener tor the South Park system, Chi- 

 cago, a position which he still occupies. 

 His thorough and eminently practical 

 knowdedge of methods ot handling trees 

 and plants has been of great value to the 

 western metropolis, where Mr. Kanst's 

 abilities are thoroughly appreciated. 

 During his early years at South Park he 

 established a wide reputation for his 

 original designs of bedding. He made it 

 a practice to change his designs each year 

 and his original Gates Ajar, Globe, Cal- 

 endar, Sun Dial, and many other figures 

 made of living plants have been copied 

 and reproduced hundreds of times. In 

 recent years Mr. Kanst has resorted more 

 to planting for flower effects, using thou- 

 sands upon thousands of herbaceous 

 plants and cannas, which, grouped by 

 his artistic hand, have proved as attract- 

 ive as were the designs of the days gone 

 by. Mr. Kanst was married in 1873 to 

 Miss Elizabeth Voungblood. They have- 

 three children, two boys and a girl. The 

 youngest son has adopted his father's 

 profession and has recently been ap- 

 pointed an assistant gardener in the 

 parks over which Mr. Kanst, Senior, 

 exercises supervision. 



Fruits and Vegetables. 



QUALITY IN STRAWBERRIES. 



Mr. John Craig's excellent notes under 

 the above heading lead me to suggest 

 placing the Alpine strawberry among 

 those of delicious flavor for the amateur's 

 garden. To me its flavor seems unsur- 

 passed. The Alpine continues bearing for 

 a long time, being much more of an ever- 

 bearer than some others sent out as such. 

 It is in fruit now, July 17, and has been 

 ever since ordinary kinds came in, and 

 promises still more by displaying quan- 

 tities of flowers. It does not seem to 



