1879. J 'J*^ | Phil lips. 



The epithets, IEPA1 (Holy) and A2YA02 (inviolable sanctuary) were 

 adopted by many other cities. After a very long period of life, with check- 

 ered prosperity* Tyre was finally destroyed by the Saracens, A. D. 1291, 

 after having withstood many sieges, including one by Alexander the 

 Great. 



In addition to these already described in my previous paper there 

 are a number of so called family coins, among which are well pre- 

 served specimens of the Cornelia, Fulvia, Hustilia, Maiania, Opeimia, 

 Pomponia, Scribonia, Vibia, and other gentes, presenting interest- 

 ing types. The gens Cornelia was a most noble family, both Pa- 

 trician and Plebeian, and has left a number of devices upon the 

 denarii which are attributed to it. The gens Fulvia although "con- 

 fessedly one of the most conspicuous of the Roman gentes, is only known 

 by one denarius, except some colonial ones figured by Morell " (Smyth 

 Family Coins, p. 85). It bears on the obverse the head of Pallas Nike- 

 phora with alated helmet and the word ROMA ; on the reverse, "Victoria 

 alata holds out a chaplet in a biga galoping to the right. Under the horse 

 is CN FOUL, and in the exergum M GAL Q MET. Although we do not 

 hear of the Fulvii till L. Fulvius became consul in B. C. 322, it is known 

 that even then they were of long standing in Tusculum. * * Of the 

 ladies of this gens two played a very conspicuous part ; the first, a woman 

 of rank, divulged the Catalinian conspiracy, the second married Mark 

 Antony for her third husband, breathing nothing but war and domina- 

 tion. This is the fury who pierced the dead Cicero's tongue with a bodkin, 

 uttering all sorts of opprobrious epithets all the while." (Smyth, loc. cit.) 



A denarius of the gens Maiania presents on the obverse "a winged and 

 galeated head of Roma with the mark X ; on the reverse, a winged Vic- 

 tory in a rapid viga holding the reins firmly with her left hand, while her 

 right is whipping the horses, which are unusually free from harness. 

 Below is the inscription C MAIANIA ; exergue Roma. History makes 

 no mention of this gens and its rank is unknown." (Smyth, p. 127.) 



The gens Opeimia presents "the galeated head of Pallas, bearing stern and 

 manly features, wearing an earring with a long pendant and a necklace ; in 

 front is the denarial stamp X, and at the back is a chaplet. On the reverse, 

 L. Opeimi ; exergue Roma. Victoria alata in a galloping quadriga holds 

 the reins with her left hand and a laurel crown in her right. This was 

 probably struck by L. Opeimi us, the aristocratic praetor who suppressed the 

 revolt of Tregellae, B. C. 125. This is the man who being consul four years 

 later, hunted C. Gracchus, with personal animosity, to his destruction ; and 

 being himself condemned for receiving Jugurtha's bribes, died, hated and 

 insulted, a poverty stricken exile at Dyrrachiutn. * * * The Opeimi i 

 are first brought on the stage of history at the time of the Samnite wars, 

 yet the components of the gens are but little known." (Smyth, 157.) 



The denarii of the gens Pomponia occur frequently and are of many 

 devices. Upon some are seen the figures of the Muses, Clio, Euterpe, Thalia, 

 Melpomene, Terpsichore, Erato, Polyhymnia, Urania, and Calliope, with 



