Cope.] 4^2 n-vh.n. 



phenol which separate on cooling are removed. After exposing the residue 



for some time over sulphuric acid, a crystalline mass is obtained, which is 

 pressed, and recryst alii zed from boiling water or from alcohol. Pure 

 saligenin is thus obtained. 



The quantity of saligenin is by no means in proportion to the quantity 

 of phenol employed, and an alcoholic solution of sodium hydrate was found 

 to yield no better results than an aqueous solution, although the reaction 

 took place more promptly. 



[someric oxybenzylic alcohols maybe, and probably are, formed at the 

 same time, but I have not yet been able to isolate such compounds. 



On the Foramina Perforating the Posterior Part of the Squamosal Bone of 

 the Mammalia. By E. D. Cope. 



I Bead before the American Philosophical Society, February G, 1880.) 



The number of perforations of the posterior part of the squamosal bone 

 in the Mammalia is considerable, and they have not attracted that atten- 

 tion from anatomists which their importance deserves. As I have found 

 them to be especially valuable in diagnosis, I have thought it might be 

 useful to place on record the manner of their occurrence in various re- 

 cent genera with whose structure we are more or less familiar in other 

 respects. 



The one of these foramina of which some notice has been taken, is the 

 postglenoid, which is mentioned by Flower (Osteology of Mammalia) as 

 occurring in the dog and bear, and as absent in the cat. I find five other 

 foramina which usually form the outlets of canals which are connected 

 with the lateral venous sinus. The principal canal extends from the post- 

 glenoid foramen .upwards and backwards between the os petrosum and the 

 squamosal, and enters the cranial cavity at the superior border of the for- 

 mer. At a point in the parietal bone, often on or very near the squamoso- 

 parietal suture, it issues on the surface again, in the foramen which may be 

 called the postpnrielal. A branch of the canal may take a posterior direc- 

 tion and issue on the occipital face of the skull in the suture between the. 

 ossa petrosum and exoccipitale, forming the mastoid foramen. Or a pos- 

 terior branch may issue in the posterior part of the squamosal bone in a 

 lateral foramen, the postsquamoeal. In certain .Mammals a large foramen 

 perforates the base of the zygomatic process of the squamosal from above, 

 entering the canal after a short course of its own; this I call the siipra- 

 glenoid foramen. Still another inlet to the canal is found in some Mam- 

 mals, perforating the squamosal below the crest which connects the zygoma. 

 with the inion, occupying a position posterior and exterior to the post- 



