Gatschgt.] 4bo ; I'cb. 2(), 



in the logs beforehand. To deprive Potanu of his slate quarries, t he Olata 

 Utina warred against him, and an officer of De Laudonniere assisted him 

 in putting his antagonist to flight. 



The home of Onethcaqua is located "near the high mountains" ; the 

 map reads : Onathcaqua. Hostaqua, Honstaqua is a settlement located by 

 the map a short distance from Onathcaqua, and we are told that the people 

 of these two communities (De Laudonniere calls head-chiefs by these 

 names) painted their faces black, while the people of Molloua (Mulua) used 

 red [taint for this purpose. 



It is probable that these five paracusi were nothing but head-chiefs of 

 tribal confederacies, and that the real power was not in their hands, but in 

 i hose hi' i heir sub-chiefs or holata. Head-chiefs and chiefs surrounded them- 

 selves with considerable ceremonial and pomp, and probably on this ac- 

 count the chroniclers call them kings ; but some kind of etiquette sur- 

 rounded all chiefs throughout the territories near the Gulf of Mexico, and 

 that the Timucua people enjoyed a sort of democratic rule is shown by the 

 election of a new chief by the warriors. From Pareja's writings alone, 

 which were composed fifty years later, we would certainly be led to assume 

 that the Timucua people was ruled rather despotically. On many points 

 the narrative of the French captain is neither precise nor satisfactory; we 

 learn nothing positive about the territorial extent of the settlements of the 

 Timucua race, nor about the national name by which they called them- 

 selves. His book goes to show that Timoga, Timagoa was the name of one 

 town, village or chieftaincy only ; in later times it was extended over sev- 

 eral chieftaincies only by the circumstance uhat the Indians of. this place 

 were among the first christianized, and that missionaries composed books 

 in (heir dialect only. The same thing has occurred with the Mutsun of 

 San Juan Bautista, California. 



Some of the French explorers seem to have reached the locality where 

 gold was obtained in the sand of the rivers and brooks, but the result being 

 not satisfactory, they soon returned to Fort St. Charles.* When they 

 began to suffer of famine, the Indians showed to them their natural 

 treacherous disposition and scuffed them for their misery, but never at- 

 tacked them, protected as they were by an insular fort armed with can- 

 nons. Two Spaniards were liberated by them, who told them about the 

 existence of the Calos "kingdom " at the southern extremity of the penin- 

 sula ; one of them had been despatched as a messenger by the Calos chief 

 to chief Oathchaqua, a four or five days' journey north of Calos. Half way 

 he saw the island Serrope in a fresh water lake of the same name. 



Fontanedo mentions forty towns or settlements of the Calos, or Callos 



*<iol(l was called by them sieroa pira (plra, red, yellow). The chronicler Fon- 

 tanedo speaks of the "mines of Onogatano, situated in the snow-clad mountains 

 of Onogatano, the most distant, possessions of Abolachi ;" Mem: p. 32. I 'f. : "The 

 precious metals possessed by the early Floridlan Indians,'' pag. 199-202 i Appen- 

 dix IIIi of Brinton, Notes on the Flor. Peninsula. Brlnton thinks that the 

 Tiniucua were probably acquainted with the auriferous gulches of the Apalaoh- 

 ian ridge in Georgia and the Carolinas, 



