1880.] 4oI [Gatschet. 



positive statement, actuality, can be added to any tense or mode, but is 

 most frequently used to express the present, especially when the first per- 

 sons are used. 



nocomi ninihabeZamanda bohobi cho? did} r ou believe that he would cer- 

 tainly expire? 



balu nanemima ohohauefo it gives everlasting life. 



hanibitifa evidently he has not neglected. 



In chuqualehaue chuquosa cho? how often did you do this? the preterit 

 tense is not marked by any suffix or other syllable. 



The plural of the verb is oft?n indicated by the suffix -ma, in participles 

 by the suffix -qe, both of which are used for many other purposes also. In 

 the queries (Proc. 1878, p. 498) mante he desires, has pi. mantema they 

 desire or want ; lapustela it requests, pi. lapustamala they request. 



No instance of a dual form has occurred to me in the verb or substan 

 tive. From yucha tiro is formed yuchaqua both. 



Whether the verb is making a distinction concerning male and female 

 gender is a matter of doubt, and I can adduce only one passage (ibid., p. 498), 

 which seems to indicate some distinction of this kind : 



viro uquata puenonicala I bring a male infant. 



nia uquata puentanicala I bring a female infant. 



viro niaquene puenonicala I bring male and female infants. 



Of the modes of the finite verb one is marked by the suffix -hero, -ero, -ro, 

 which expresses possibility and probability, corresponding somewbat to 

 our auxiliary verb may, might, could. This form, which could be called 

 either a conditional or a facultative mode, may be illustrated by the follow- 

 ing syntactic instances : 



anoco nihihero manibi cho? did you desire that anybody may die? 

 balu pontahero he may give life. 



niponosihero-m.uida bohobi cho? did you believe that he would possibly 

 return ? 



To show the forms of the imperative and exhortative mode with some 

 degree of certainty we have not enough instances on hand. 



Participles are formod by means of the suffixes -mate, -no and -ta, -te. 



-mate corresponds to our participle in -ing, and to the Latin gerunds, but 

 is appended to nouns also, especially when they become connected with 

 verbal forms in -mate. 



paha pononomate samota quosobi cho? after returning home, did you rub 

 yourself with herb juice ? 



cuyumate honoso honomate feeding on fish and deer meat. 



henomate ibinemate for eating and drinking. 



etabualunimate after having given birth to. 



-no, -nu is found in participles of the medial and the passive form : 



ec&no made, worked, worked over. 



itorireolehaue equelacoma on days where (people) have to fast. 



PROC. AMER. PHILOS. SOC. XVIII. 105. 2j. PRINTED MARCH 27, 1880. 



