14 TITCHENER— " PSYCHOLOGY AS THE [April 3, 



All in all, this paper on Image and Affection, while it is written 

 with a truly scientific candor, shows, I think, that the author has im- 

 perfectly grasped the logic of the situation which he has himself 

 created. 



In trying, now, to appraise Watson's proposals as a whole, we 

 must begin by clearing them of their personal and accidental accom- 

 paniments. Watson demands a psychology " which concerns itself 

 with human life" and whose "problems vitally concern human 

 interest." He ascribes to such a psychology the practical goal of the 

 control of behavior, the regulation and control of evolution in gen- 

 eral ; that is to say, he connects it with euthenics and eugenics. These 

 expressions give his proposed psychology the stamp of a technology : 

 for science goes its way without regard to human interests and with- 

 out aiming at any practical goal; science is a transcription of the 

 world of experience from a particular standpoint, deliberately 

 adopted at the outset and deliberately maintained ; the pursuit of a 

 practical end is the earmark of a technology. And how does that matter 

 in the present context? It matters very greatly. Watson is asking 

 us, in effect, to exchange a science for a technology ; and that exchange 

 is impossible ; for a technology draws not upon one but upon many 

 sciences, and draws upon many other sources than science; and so 

 the striking of a balance-sheet between a given science and a given 

 technology is out of the question. I said above that behaviorism can 

 never replace psychology because the scientific standpoints of the 

 two disciplines are different; we now see that Watson's behaviorism 

 can never replace psychology because the one is technological, the 

 other scientific. This technological coloring, while it strengthens 

 the emotional appeal of Watson's plea, is nevertheless not of the 

 essence of behaviorism. The behaviorist's position, as we shall see, 

 may be outlined in the plain black and white of science. 



The two articles are characterized, again, by the recurring note 

 of hurry, of impatience. Fifty-odd years gone, and we have ac- 

 complished so little : two hundred years, and shall we have accom- 

 plished much more? Surely it would be well to sweep the field clear, 

 to forget the past, and to start the race anew ! But all reformers, I 



