94 PRINCE— MORPHOLOGY OF THE [April 25, 



uttered like the English p{h), t{h), k(h). S between vowels is 

 sometimes occasionally pronounced almost 2. The combination w* 

 is the whistle peculiar to the Algonquin languages occurring at the 

 end of syllables : ke'kw; pronounced kehkzvu. W in general is a 

 weak consonant ; it is almost equivalent to the M-vowel. It generally 

 disappears after any prefix, as seen in the paradigm of wikwiis: nik- 

 wus; kikwus, etc. It should be noted that the I carries an inherent 

 vowel and is consequently pronounced very like the Polish barred /. 

 A'' before consonants, as in the syllables wfa-; nki- is pronounced with 

 its own inherent vowel '11. The spelling of the Mitchell manuscripts 

 is a mixture of English and French influences, frequently using b, d, g 

 for />, t^ k; j for ch and an arbitrarily varying system of vocaliza- 

 tion. No attempt has been made to follow it in this paper. 



The Passamaquoddy is not especially rich in consonantal clusters, 

 although more so than some of the other Algonquin idioms, as for 

 instance the Fox. The following table covers nearly all the con- 

 sonantal groupings which appear, and even some of these are not 

 true clusters, as they occur in many cases with vocalic zv and y. The 

 Indian manuscripts show many apparent clusters, but they are often 

 really separated by the Schzvund which no Indian ever writes. Thus 

 clusters with /, m, n are suspicious, owing to the probability of in- 

 herent vowels. The Schzvund and inherent vowels may be repre- 

 sented by e. 



Clusters. 



cJizu: echzvechi, ' must.' 



chy: apachyaie, 'when I come.' 



k'ni: zu-mikmaupaul'tinia, 'they feast together.' 

 ks: eyiks, ' when they are ' (' were '). 



kskzv: chzvopnokskzmk' n , ' anchor.' 



kt: zi/mdche-m'siktihtk'n, 'he begins to punish him,' but here the k 



probably represents k'. 



kzv: akzuet'n, ' canoe.' 



kzjj'p: nisukmekzAfp'n, 'as we (paddled) together.' 



Ik: tulkiu,' \.\\\.\s' (real). 



Ih: amalhi'takzvuk, 'they make music'; hcV ' fawn.' 



Ikzv' : alkzv' minautikuk , 'in their midst' (suspicious). 



