110 PRINCES-MORPHOLOGY OF THE [April 25. 



'They have,' Indef. w't-i-yania; P: w't-i-yapenik; zv't-i-yiyawiydnia. 

 Def. w't-i-yawul ; P: w't-iyawap'n; zu't-iyawkvul. 



' To Have' (inan. object also = ' to be'). 



n't-i-yin (-es; -ep'n). 

 k't-i-yin (-es; -ep'n). 

 w't-i-yin (-es; -ep'n). 

 k't-i-yip'n (-es; -ep'n). 

 k't-i-yi'pa (-es; -ep'n). 

 w't-i-yinia; P: w't-i-yipenik. 

 w't-i-wnl; P: w't-i-yipenil. 



Irregular Elements of " To Have" and " To Be." 

 Third Person Singular: al-ech, 'let it be'; el-e-sin/^ 'where he 

 is ' ; eyik, ' he (really ' it ') is ' ; eyit, ' where he is ' ; el-eyit, ' where he 

 is'; el-i-y-ijil^obviative of eyit; eyin, 'it being'; meskw nit 

 el-i-nook, 'before this is so' (neg.) ;-" tan ot'1-i-yin,-^ 'however it 

 ■may be ' ; ch'wi-1-eyo, ' it must be ' ; w't-ach'wi-t-iwal, ' he must have 

 it'; kis-iyit,^- 'it having been'; w'-kichiyawi-wanyogonia, 'they 

 have enough of it.' 



Third Person Plural: m'si ayale, 'all who are'; eyoltitit, 'they 

 being' (reflex.) eli-y-oltitit, 'as they are' (reflex.); el-igek, 'they 

 who are'; etutek, 'they being'; eyilit; obv. eyilijil, 'where they 

 are'; iakw, 'where they are'; weji-ya-witits, 'where they were' 

 (with -s= Past). 



SCHEME OF VERBAL PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES. 

 Me. Thee. Him-Her. It. 



I k — ol,-el(-en) n — a, u *n — to 



k — olo n — awi * n — towi 



n — ton 

 n — towun 



If" Note e for i in cl-c-sin, cyik, eyit, due to vowel harmony. 

 ' he has taught me.' 



20 Meskw, which is used in the sense ' before,' really means ' not yet,' and 

 therefore takes the negative verb. 



21 Note the phonetic / before the vowel root and the connecting -t- be- 

 tween the prefix and the /. 



^^ Kis, 'already,' is the sign of the perfect tense; thus, nkis-ake'kimkon, 

 ' he taught me.' 



