112 



PRINCE— MORPHOLOGY OF THE 



[April 25, 



A study of the above forms will indicate that the main points of 

 difference between the indefinite and definite combinations lie in the 

 third person singular and throughout the plural. Although, as 

 pointed out above, there is really only one tense, the present, there 

 are certain endings which may be affixed to denote the past relation 

 and the conditional-subjunctive. Thus, the -p, -ep, p'n and -J-ele- 

 ments are used for the past and conditional-subjunctive alike, and 

 even appear in combination together, as p's; ep's; op's. A careful 

 distinction must be made between the past-conditional -p'n and the 

 -p'n of the first person plural as seen in Thou — Us and also in the in- 

 transitive verb as given above. 



There is also, as shown, a passive voice, the distinctive element 

 of which is -k, -s and in combination -kii/s. Note also the passive 

 forms m'skowa, ' he will be found ' ; n/metapeksin, ' it is finished ' ; 

 milkonia zmsis'l, ' they are given to the child ' ; weswephogonia, ' that 

 they be taken back'; notakw'sidnp'n, '1 was heard' {not-); kitzvi- 

 tasso, ' it is called.' Sometimes a reflexive is used for a passive : el- 

 okelit, ' what was done.' The reflexive, not indicated in the para- 

 digms, is expressed in various ways ; e. g., by an /-_, insert : zifrn'tya- 

 yezu'lit-el-in^ ' as if they were playing together ' ; kinzv-el-uszviu, ' it 

 shows itself; nt'li-kisi-kzvdlp-el-es, 'I will change myself,; mache- 



