I9I4.] PASSAMAQUODDY LANGUAGE OF MAINE. 113 



kaii-d-il-it, ' as soon as they have gone off together,' etc. Motion is 

 expressed by pech-: 'pechiyan, 'when I come'; zifp'chitakan, 'he 

 sends him'; pechi-pawatmat, 'he is always desirous'; pechipha, 'he 

 brings him,' etc. 



' ]\Iust ' is expressed by the insert ach'zm: tv't-dch'wi-sakiton'l, ' he 

 must rule ' ; and in the future : k't-ach'wi-t'li-zvichiy'n^ ' thou shall 

 be {t'H-) compelled to take heart.' 



Desire is indicated hykti-: zv k' ti-nimial , 'he wishes to see him'; 

 k'ti-elo'kelit, ' what he wishes to do.' 



There are many other such particles too numerous to mention in 

 an article of this length. 



As in all other Algonquin idioms, in the combined forms, the 

 second person always takes precedence over the first and the first 

 person over the third. Thus, in the forms k'nimiol^ ' I see thee,' 

 where the second person is the object and in k'nimidp'n, 'you see 

 me,' where the second person is the subject, the second personal ele- 

 ment comes first. In such forms, however, as nimia, ' I see him ' ; 

 nimi'to, ' I see it,' the first person appears in the first place. 



The sign of the negative is the infixed «-vowel which, as shown 

 above, frequently appears as o and often as zi'. 



The use of the participle is most varied. Thus, it may take the 

 place of the relative form as 7tit pazvdlkzvak, ' this is what is wanted ' 

 (passive indicated by -kzv), or it may be used to denote the action of 

 the verb governed by a preposition wechi-nimiohin, ' in order for me 

 to see thee,' or else it may be employed as a conditional: 'if or 

 'when I see thee' = nii)iioIiin. The negation of the participle is 

 formed in the same way as the negative of the finite forms, vis., by 

 infixation of m, o, zv. 



Any noun may be verbalized by the ending e-: zv'skitdp-e, ' he is 

 a man'; by -czvi: tan etuchi zc'skitdpezvi, 'so long as he is a man'; 

 by -ezviu: zi/skitdpezviu, ' he becomes a man ' ; also by participial end- 

 ings : zv'skitdpezuit, 'he who is a man'; or by -(zv)eleso: zv'skitdpe- 

 zveleso, ' he becomes a man.' 



Practically all the Passamaquoddy verbs are conjugated after the 

 above model, most of the minor variations which occur being due to 

 phonetic peculiarities. 



PROG. AMER. PHIL. SOC, LUI. 2I3 H, PRINTED JULY I, I9I4. 



