150 BERRY— LOWER EOCENE FLORA OF [Ap"1 25, 



daphne, Sophora and Anacardites each with 7, Cinnamomum, Nec~ 

 tandra, Rhamnus, Myrcia and Bumeiia each with 6, and Ceiastrus, 

 Dillenites, and Apocynophyllum each with 5. Ten species are re- 

 ferred to the form-genus Carpolithus and this number could readily 

 be greatly increased if all the unidentified seeds were named and 

 described. 



The amentiferous families, in accordance with their Upper Creta- 

 ceous deployment and their undoubted primitive and not reduced 

 character, are represented in the Wilcox flora by fourteen species, a 

 number of which are individually abundant. 



The Juglandales^^ are represented in the Wilcox by three species 

 of Juglans only one of which, Jiiglans S chimp eri, is at all common ; 

 by a doubtfully determined species of Hicoria; by three well-marked 

 species of Engelhardtia and by an extinct type, Paraengelhardtia, of 

 a habit similar to that of Engelhardtia. 



The genus Juglans is one of the earliest of the still existing dicoty- 

 ledonous genera to appear in the fossil record and it is continu- 

 ously represented in fossil floras from the Alid-Cretaceous to the 

 present. There are about 25 Eocene species of Walnut and they 

 range during that period from the Gulf region to Alaska and Green- 

 land, and are also present in the tropical forests of the Egyptian 

 Fayum in the early Oligocene. The outlying existing species in 

 the West Indies and under the equator in South America prove that 

 in spite of the northward range of the Asiatic species in Manchuria 

 and of some of the North American species into New England and 

 southern Ontario, its progenitors were at least subtropical types, a 

 fact corroborated by their foliar character since it is a well-known 

 fact that compound leaves indicate tropical ancestry, and this is 

 abundantly proven in the case of Juglans by its associates in the fossil 

 floras where it has been found represented. 



The genus Engelhardtia^^ is one of the most interesting Wilcox 

 genera. In the first place the identification of its leaves is corrobo- 

 rated by two varieties of characteristic winged fruits. 



The genus was described by Leschen in 1825 and contains about 



11 See Berry, E. W., " Notes on the Geological History of the Walnuts 

 and Hickories," Plant Woirld, Vol. 15, 1912, pp. 225-240. 



12 See Berry, E. W., Am. Jour. Set. (IV.), Vol. 31, 1911, pp. 491-496; 

 Plant World, Vol. 15, 1912, pp. 234-238, Figs. 3, 4- 



