274 CRILE— THE KINETIC SYSTEM. [April 22, 



work done. We observed that under deep morphinization the febrile 

 response or the muscular work done was either diminished or eli- 

 minated and that the brain-cell changes were correspondingly dimin- 

 ished or eliminated. We found also that brain-cell changes and 

 muscular work followed electric stimulation alone. I conclude, there- 

 fore, that the brain-cell changes are work changes. 



We shall next consider other organs of the kinetic system in their 

 relation to muscular activity, to emotion, to consciousness, to sleep, 

 to hibernation, and to heat production. 



The Suprarenal Gland. 



In our extensive study of the brain in its relation to the produc- 

 tion of energy and consequent exhaustion caused by fear and rage ; 

 by the injection of foreign proteins, of bacterial toxins and of strych- 

 nin; by anaphylaxis; by the injection of thyroid extract, of adren- 

 alin, and of morphin; we found that with the exception of morphin 

 each of these agents produced identical changes in the brain-cells. 

 As we believed that the suprarenal glands were intimately associated 

 with the brain in its activities, we concluded that the suprarenals 

 also must have been affected by each of these agents. To prove this 

 relation, we administered the above-mentioned stimuli to animals and 

 studied their effects upon the suprarenal glands by functional, histo- 

 logical and surgical methods, the functional tests being made by Can- 

 non's method. 



Functional Study of the Suprarenal Glands by Cannon's 



Method. 



Our method of applying the Cannon test for adrenalin was as 

 follows : (a) The blood of the animal's was tested before the applica- 

 tion of the stimulus. If this test was negative, then (b) the stimulus 

 was applied and the blood again tested. If this test was negative, 

 a small amount of adrenalin was added. If a positive reaction was 

 then given, the negative result was accepted as conclusive, (c) If 

 the control test was negative, then the stimulus was given. If the 

 blood after stimulation gave a positive result for adrenalin, a second 

 test of the same animal's blood was made twenty-five minutes or 



