especially of America : a good many are found in India, and a large number 

 in Europe. In Africa they are scarcer, being mostly confined to the Cape, 

 and to a few Jussiteas inhabiting other parts of that continent. . 



PiioriJiTiES. Few, or unknown. Oenothera biennis is cultivated for 

 the sake of its eatable roots; and the leaves of Jussisea peruviana form an 

 emollient poultice. Dec. 



Examples. (Enothera, Epilobium, Jussisca, Fuchsia. 



XLVIII. HALORAGE^. 



HALORAGEiE, R. Brown in Flinders, 17- (1814); Dec. Prodr. 3. 65. (1828); Lindl. 



Synops. 110. (1829) Hygrobie^e, Rich. Anal. Fr, (1808) Hippuride^e, 



Link Enum. 1. 5. (1821) handL 1. 288. (1829.)_Cercodian.e, Juss. Diet. 

 Sc. Nat. (1817.) 



Diagnosis. Polypetalous dicotyledons, with definite perigynous sta- 

 mens, concrete carpella, an inferior ovarium with pendulous definite ovula, 

 a depauperated calyx, and embryo in the midst of fleshy albumen. 



Anomalies. Petals often wanting. Hippuris has the habit of an 

 Equisetum. 



Essential Character — Calyx superior, with a minute limb. Petals minute, 

 inserted into the summit of the calj'x, or wanting. Stamens inserted in the same place, 

 equal in number to the petals, or occasionally fewer. Ovarium adhering inseparably to the 

 calyx, with I or more cells ; style none; stigmata equaj in number to the cells, papulose, or 

 j)encil-formed ; nvnhi pendulous. Fruit dry, indehiscent, membranous, or bony, with I 'or 

 more cells. Seeds solitary, pendulous ; albumen fleshy; embryo straight, in the axis ; radicle 

 superior, long and taper ; cotyledons minute — Herbaceous plants or 7inder-shruhs, often 

 growing in wet places. Leaves either alternate, opposite, or whorled. Floivers axillary, 

 sessile, occasionally monoecious or dioecious. 



Affinities. Placed by Link among Monocotyledons, but inseparable 

 from Dicotyledons, and especially related to Onagrariije, from which the 

 minute calyx and albuminous solitary pendulous seeds chiefly distinguish 

 them. Very closely akin also to Circseaceffi and Hydrocaryes, both which 

 see. The affinity of Callitrichinete is probably not very great, although 

 M. DecandoUe has considered it a mere section of the order. 



Geography. Damp places, ditches, and slow streams, in Europe, 

 North America, Southern Africa, Japan, China, New Holland, and the 

 South Sea Islands, are the favourite resort of this order. 



Properties. Of no importance. Many are troublesome weeds. 



Examples. Haloragis, Hippuris, Myriophyllum. ■ 



XLIX. CIRCiEACE^. The Enchanter's Nightshade Tribe. 



CiRC/EACE^E, Lindl. Synops. p. 109.(1829.) 



Diagnosis. Polypetalous dicotyledons, with definite perigynous sta- 

 mens, concrete carpella, an inferior ovarium of 2 cells, with definite erect 

 ovula. 



Anomalies. 



Essential Chauactitr Calyx superior, deciduous, tubular, with a two-parted 



limb. Petals 2, alternate with the lobes of the calyx. Stamens 2, alternate with the petals, 



