123 



beyond the 2 lobes. Ovarium superior, usually surrounded by an annular or toothed disk, 

 5-celled, with from 1 to 2 suspended ovules in each cell ; sti/le simple ; stigma lobed. Fruit 

 drupaceous, with 5 or fewer cells. Seed with a membranous integument ; embryo straight, 

 oblong, lying in fleshy albumen ; radicle superior — Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, 

 simple, coriaceous, without stipulae. Flowers somewhat cymose. 



Affinities. These are not well made out: they differ from Meliaceae 

 very much in habit, and in many respects in fructification, especially in 

 having the aestivation of the corolla quincuncial, not valvate, and the sta- 

 mens sometimes indefinite ; the anthers also of Humiriaceae, as Von Martins 

 observes {Nov. Gen. §c. 2. 147.), are very different from Meliacese in the 

 great dilatation of their connectivum ; their albuminous seeds and slender 

 embryo are at variance with Meliaceae. In the latter respect, and in their 

 balsamic wood, they agree better with Styracinese, as also in the variable 

 direction of the embryo. Besides these points of affinity, Von Martius 

 compares Humiriacese with Chlenacese, on account of both orders con- 

 taining definite and indefinite monadelphous stamens, several stigmas, par- 

 tially abortive cells, inverted albuminous seeds, and a singular complicated 

 vernation, by which two longitudinal lines are impressed upon each leaf. 

 To me it appears, that the real affinity is with Aurantiacese ; an affinity indi- 

 cated by their inflorescence, the texture of their stamens, their disk, their 

 winged petioles, and their balsamic juices. 



Geoguapiiy. All Brazilian trees. 



Properties. Humirium floribundum, when the trunk is wounded, 

 yields a fragrant liquid yellow balsam, called Balsam of Umiri, resembling 

 the properties of Copaiva and Balsam of Peru. Martius. 



Example. Humirium. 



CV^III. AURANTIACE^. The Orange Tribe. 



AuKANTiACE.i, Corr. Ann. Mus. C. 37C. (1805); Mirb. Bull. Philom. 379. (1813); 

 Dec. Prodr. 1. 535. (1824.) 



Diagnosis. Polypetalous dicotyledons, with definite hypogynous sta- 

 mens, concrete carpella, an entire ovarium of several cells, an open calyx, 

 symmetrical flowers, definite pendulous ovules, a single style, a pulpy fruit 

 •without a woody axis, exalbuminous seeds, and compound dotted leaves. 



Anomalies. 



Essential Character. — Calyx urceolate or campanulate, somewhat adhering to 

 the disk, short, 3- or 5-toothed, withering. Petals 3 to 5, broad at the base, sometimes 

 distinct, sometimes slightly combined, inserted upon the outside of a hypogynous disk, 

 slightly imbricated at the edges. Stamens equal in number to the petals, or twice as many, 

 or some multiple of their number, inserted upon a hypogynous disk ; filaments flattened at 

 the base, sometimes distinct, sometimes combined in one or several parcels ; anthers termi- 

 nal, innate. Ovarium many-celled; style 1, taper; stigma slightly divided, thickish; 

 Fruit pulpy, many-celled, with a leathery rind replete with receptacles of volatile oil, and 

 sometimes separable from the cells ; cells often lilled with pulp. Seeds attached to the 

 axis, sometimes numerous, sometimes solitary, usually pendulous, occasionally containing 

 more embryos than one ; raphe and chalaza usually very distinctly marked ? embryo 



straight; cotyledons thick, fleshy; plumula conspicuous Trees or shrubs, almost always 



smooth, and filled every where with little transparent receptacles of volatile oil. Leaves 

 alternate, often compound, always articulated with the petiole, which is frequently winged. 

 Spines, if present, axillary. 



Affinities. Readily known by the abundance of oily receptacles 

 which are dispersed over all parts of them, by their deciduous petals, and 



