153 



in the axis, a regular calyx with imbricate sestivation, and a peltate petaloid 

 persistent stigma. 



Anomalies. 



Essential Character. — Sepals 5, persistent, often having a 3-leaved involucrum 

 on the outside ; cestivation imbricate. Petals 5, hypogynous, unguiculate, concave. Stamens 

 indefinite, hypogynous ; anthers oblong, adnate, 2-ceUed, bursting internally and longi- 

 tudinally, bvarhtm superior, 5-celled, with polyspermous placentae in the axis ; style 

 single ; stigma much dilated, peltate, with 5 angles. Capsule crowned by the persistent 

 stigma, with 5 cells and 5 loculicidal valves. Seeds very numerous, minute, slightly 

 warted, covering 5 large placentae, which project from the axis into the cavity of the 

 cells; albumen abundant; embryo cylindrical, lying near the base of the seed, with the 

 radicle turned to the hilum. — Herbaceous perennial plants, living in bogs. Roots fibrous. 

 Leaves radical, with a hollow urn-shaped petiole, at the apex of which is articulated the 

 lamina, which covers the petiole like a lid. Scapes each having one large flower, of a more 

 or less herbaceous colour. 



Affinities. These are not well made out. It is usual to refer Sarra- 

 cennia to the vicinity of Papaveracese, on account of its remarkably dilated 

 stigma, which is compared to the radiant stigma of Papaver, its indefinite 

 stamens and small embryo lying at the base of copious albumen ; and there 

 can be no doubt that these points of resemblance are important. But I 

 believe it is also akin to Droseraceae, or at least to that order, whatever 

 it may be, which shall finally comprehend Dioneea. With this genus no 

 one has suspected the analogy of Sarracennia ; a circumstance which has 

 arisen, I presume, chiefly from attention having been turned to the fructi- 

 fication rather than the vegetation of those genera. If we compare the 

 foliage of Dionaea with that of Sarracennia, we shall find that the pitcher 

 of the latter is represented by the dilated footstalk of the former, which only 

 requires its margins to cohere to be identical with it, and that the lid of the 

 pitcher of the latter is analogous to the irritable lamina of the former. In 

 both genera the stamens are hypogynous ; both have a single stigma, which 

 in Sarracennia is petaloid, in Diousea is merely fringed ; both have an 

 embryo lying at the base of copious albumen, and both have polyspermous 

 placentae. Jn the internal arrangement of the fruit the two genera are 

 dissimilar; but the differences depend upon peculiar modifications of struc- 

 ture, which cannot be considered to affect aflfinities otherwise so strongly 

 indicated. In the remarkable structure of the leaves this order agrees with 

 Nepenthese, which are probably not so distantly. related as ihey are usually 

 supposed to be, and also with a single genus of Rosaceae (Cephalotus). 



Geography. They are exclusively confined to the bogs of North 

 America. 



Properties. Unknown. 



Example. Sarracennia. 



CXXXVII. DROSERACEiE. The Sundew Tribe. 



Droserace.*, Dec. TMorie, 214. (1819); Prodr. 1. 31?. (1814); Lindl. Synops. 38. (1829). 



Diagnosis. Polypetalous dicotyledons, with definite hypogynous sta- 

 mens, concrete carpella, a 1 -celled ovarium with narrow parietal placentae, 

 5 sepals, an erect embryo, and circinate vernation. 



Anomalies. The anthers of Byblis and Roridula open by pores. Ver- 

 nation not circinate in Dionaea. 



Essential Character. — Sepals 5, persistent, equal, with an imbricate aestivation. 

 Petals 5, hypogynous. Stamens distinct, withering, either equal in number to the petals 

 and alternate with them, or 2, 3, or 4 times as many. Ovarium single ; styles 3-5, either 

 wholly distinct, or slightly connected at the base, bifid or branched. Capsule of 1 or 3 



