206 



tria, as emetica and herbacea,' are substitutes for Ipecacuanha. The spurious 

 barks called Quinquina Piton are capable of exciting vomiting. The pow- 

 dered fruit of Gardenia dumetorum is a powerful emetic. An infusion of the 

 bark of the root is administered to nauseate in bowel complaints. Ainslie, 

 2. 186. According to Roxburgh, the root bruised and thrown into ponds 

 where there are fish intoxicates them as Cocculus indicus. Ibid. Psycho- 

 tria noxa and Palicourea Marcgraavii, both called Erva de rata, are accounted 

 poisonous in Brazil ; but nothing very certain seems to be known of their 

 properties. Ed. P. J. 14. 267. The leaves of Oldenlandia umbellata are 

 considered by the native doctors of India as expectorant. Ainslie, 2. 101. 

 Coffee is the roasted seeds of a plant of this order, Coflea arabica, and is 

 supposed to owe its characters to a peculiar chemical principle called CafFein. 

 Turner, 699. The part roasted is the albumen, which is of a hard horny 

 consistence; and it is probable that the seed of all Cinchonaceffi or Stillatse. 

 whose albumen is of the same texture would serve as a substitute. This 

 would not be the case with those with fleshy albumen. The fruit of some 

 species of Gardenia, Genipa, and of Vangueria, the Voa Vanga of Madagas- 

 car, are succulent and eatable. 

 Examples. See above. 



CXCr. CAPRIFOLIACEiE. The Honeysuckle Tribe. 



Caprifolia, Juss. Gen. 210. (1789) in part — Caprifoliace.t;, Dec. and Dubi/, 244. 

 (1828); Lindl. Stjnops.Vdl. {\82i).) 



Diagnosis. Monopetalous dicotyledons, with an inferior many-celled 

 ovarium, pendulous ovula, and opposite leaves without stipuloe. 



Anomalies. Hedera, a doubtful citizen, is polypeialous. Hydrangea 

 is both polypetalous and polyspermous. 



Essential Character Calyx superior, usually with 2 or more bractese at its 



base, entire or lobed. Corolla superior, monopetalous or polypetalous, rotate or tubular, 

 regular or irre^ilar. Stamens equal in nimiber to the lobes of the corolla, and alternate 

 with them. Ovarium with from 1 to 5 cells, 1 of which is often monospernious, the others 

 polyspermous ; in the former the ovulum is pendulous ; style 1 ; stigmas 1 or 3. Fruit in- 

 dehiscent, 1- or more celled, either dry, fleshy, or succulent, crowned by the persistent 

 lobes of the calyx. Seeds either solitary and pendulous, or numerous and attached to the 



axis; testa often bony; embryo straight, in fleshy albumen ; radirlc superior Shra/is 



or herbaceous plants, with opposite leaves, destitute of stijmla;. Fknvcrs usually corym- 

 bose, and often sweet-scented. 



AiFiNiTiES. Whether this order comprehends the rudiments of four, 

 namely, Hederaceao, Hydrangeacea>, Sambucinca;, and Lonicerea? (the true 

 Caprifoliaceee), or whether these are mere forms of one and the same order, 

 it is not easy to say. They are usually coml)ined ; and yet the different 

 habits of those sections, the separation of the petals in Hedera and Hy- 

 drangea, and some hints that have been thrown out by Mr. Brown, render 

 it probable that there arc weighty grounds for their disunion. In the mean 

 while it is most advisable to retain the order in its present state until some 

 skilful botanist shall have taken the subject up, especially as there can be no 

 doubt that, whether distinct or the same, they are very nearly related to 

 each other. Taking Lonicerean, or the Honeysuckle tribe, for the type 

 of the order, we find a striking affinity with Cinchonacca>, in the mono- 

 petalous tubular corolla, definite stamens, inferior ovarium, and opposite 

 •leaves, an affinity which is confirmed by the corolla of the latter being occa- 

 sionally regular or irregular. With Apocynea; they will have, for the same 



