22 ISLAND LIFE taut i 



Russia Avhere it lias been found as far west as Kazan in 

 districts where the common jay also occurs. 



7. Garrulus lanccolatus.- — The black-throated jay, is a 

 very distinct form known only from the North-western 

 Himalayas and Nepal, common about Simla, and extend- 

 ing into Cashmere beyond the range of the next species. 



8. Garntlus hispecularis. — The Himalayan jay is also 

 very distinct, having the head coloured like the back, and 

 not striped as in all the western species. It inhabits the 

 Himalayas east of Cashmere, but is more abundant in the 

 western than tlie eastern division, thouoh accordins^ to the 

 Abbe David it reaches Moupin in East Thibet. 



9. Garrulus sinensis. — The Chinese jay, is very closely 

 allied to the Himalayan, of which it is sometimes classed 

 as a sub-species. It seems to be found in all the southern 

 mountains of China, from Foocliow on the east to Sze-chuen 

 and East Thibet on the west, as it is recorded fi'om Mou- 

 pin by the Abbe David as well as the Himalayan bird — a 

 tolerable proof that it is a distinct form. 



10. Garrulus taivanus. — The Formosan jay is a very 

 close ally of the i^receding, confined to the island of 

 Formosa. 



11. Garrulus jarjonicus.- — The Japanese jay is nearly 

 allied to our common British species, being somewhat 

 smaller and less brightly coloured, and with black orbits ; 

 yet these are the most Avidely separated species of the 

 genus. According to Mr. Seebohm this species is equally 

 allied to the Chinese and Siberian jays. 



In the accompanying map (see frontisi^iece) we have laid 

 down the distribution of each species so far as it can be 

 ascertained from the works of Sharpe and Dresser for 

 Europe, Jerdon for India, Swinhoe for China, and Mr. 

 Seebohm's recent work for Japan. There is, however, 

 much uncertainty in many places, and gaps have to be 

 filled up conjecturally, while such a large part of Asia is 

 still very im23erfectly explored, that considerable modi- 

 fications may have to be made wdien the country becomes 

 more accurately known. But though details may be 

 modified we can hardly suppose that the great features of 

 the several specific areas, or their relations to each other 



