CHAP. Ill ZOOLOGICAL REGIONS 35 



region of which Europe forms a part, we will now examine 

 the birds, in order to see how far they agree in their 

 distribution with the mammalia. Of late years great 

 attention has been paid to the distribution of European 

 and Asiatic birds, many ornithologists having travelled in 

 North Africa, in Palestine, in Asia Minor, in Persia, in 

 Siberia, in Mongolia, and in China ; so that Ave are now 

 able to determine the exact ranges of many species in a 

 manner that would have been impossible a few years ago. 

 These ranges are given for all British species in the new 

 edition of Yarrell's History of Jjritish Birds edited by 

 Professor Newton, while those of all European birds are 

 given in still more detail in Mr. Dresser's beautiful work 

 on the birds of Europe. In order to confine our exami- 

 nation withiD reasonable limits, and at the same time give 

 it the interest attaching to familiar objects, we will take 

 the whole series of British Passeres or perching birds given 

 in Professor Newton's work (118 in number) and arrange 

 them in series according to the extent of their range. 

 These include not only the permanent residents and 

 regular migrants to our country, but also those which 

 occasionally straggle here, so that it really comprises a 

 large proportion of all European birds. 



I. British Birds which extend to North Africa and Central 



OR North-east Asia. 



1. Lanius coUurio Red backed Shrike (also all Africa). 



2. Oriolus Galbv.la Golden Oriole (also all Africa), 



3. Turdus musicus SoHg-Tlirusli. 



4. ,, iliacus Red-wing. 



5. ,, pilaris Fieldfare. 



G. Monticola saxatilis Blue rock Thrush. 



7. raUicilla succica Bluethroat (also India in winter). 



8. Saxicola ruhicola Stonechat (also India in winter). 



9. , , ccnanthc Wheatear (also N, America). 



10. Acroccphalus arundinaccus. Great Reed- Warbler. 



I I . Sylvia curruca Lesser Whitethroat. 



1 2. Pants major Great Titmouse. 



1 3. Motacilla sulphurca Grey Wagtail (also China and 2Lalaya). 



14. , , raii Yellow Wagtail. 



15. A nthus trivialis Tree Pipit. 



16. , , spilolcUa Water Pipit. 



17. , , campestris Tawny Pipit. 



18. A lauda arvensis Skylark. 



19. , , crisiata Crested Lark. 



D 2 



