404 ISLAND LIFE 



and the spotted deer are all allied to peculiar Japanese 

 species. The clouded tiger is a Malay . species unkno^vn 

 in China, while the Asiatic wild cat is a native of the 

 Himalayas and Malacca. It is clear, therefore, that before 

 Formosa was separated from the mainland the above 

 named animals or their ancestral types must have ranged 

 over the intervening country as far as the Himalayas on 

 the west, Japan on the north, and Borneo or the Philip- 

 pines on the south ; and that after that event occurred, 

 the conditions were so materially changed as to lead to 

 the extinction of these species in what are now the coast 

 provinces of China, while they or their modified descend- 

 ants continued to exist in the dense forests of the 

 Himalayas and the Malay Islands, and in such detached 

 islands as Formosa and Japan. We will now see what 

 additional light is thrown upon this subject by an exam- 

 ination of the birds. 



List of the Land Birds peculiar to Formosa. 



TuRDiD^ (Thruslies). 



1. Tardus albicejjs. Allied to Cliinese species. 



Sylvidi^ (Warblers). 



2. Cisticola volitans. Allied to C. schcenicola of India and China, 



3. Herhivox cantam. Sub-species of H. cantillaus of N. China and 



Japan. 



4. Notodela montium. Allied to N. leucura of the Himalayas ; no ally in 



China. 



TiMALiiD^ (Babblers). 



5. Pomatorhinus musims. Allies in S. China and the Himalayas. 



6. P. erythrociicmis. Do, do. 



7. Garridax ruficcys. Allied to G. alhogularis of N. India and East 



Thibet, not to the species of S. China ( G. sannio). 



8. Janthocindct 2)cecilorhyncha. Allied to J. ccerulata of the Himalayas. 



Xone of the genus in China. 



9. Trochalopteron taivanus. AUied to a Chinese species. 



10. Alcippe morrisoniana. \ Near the Himalayan A. n.palensis. None of 



11. A. hrunnca. ] the genus in China. 



12. Sibia aurieiularis. Allied to the Himalayan *S'. capistrata. The genus 



not known in China. 



PANURiDiE (Bearded Tits, &c). 



13. Sufhora hulomacTius. Allied to the Chinese S. suffusa. 



CiNCLiD^ (Dippers and "Whistling Thrushes). 



14. 3fyio2:)ho7icus iiisiclaris. Allied to 31. horsfieldi of South India. 



