INDEX 



557 



Land and sea, changes of, 83 



how changes of, affect climate, 148, 

 150 

 Land and water, disproportion of, renders 



globe hal)ital)le, 209 

 Land-birds of Celebes, list of, 4(36 

 Land-connection, how far necessary to 



dispersal of mammals, 73 

 Land-shells, gi-eat auti(iuity of, 79 

 universal distribution of, 79 

 causes favouring tlie abundance of, 



79 

 of the Azores, 256 

 of Bermuda, 270 

 of the Galapagos, 284 

 of St. Helena, 304 

 of tlie Sandwich Islands, 316 

 of the Seychelles, 434 

 Lauriis canariensis, 260 

 Leguat on animals of Bourbon, 435 



on the Solitaire, 436 

 Leguminosae, abundance of, in Australia, 



490 

 " Lemuria," a supposed submerged conti- 

 nent, 422-426 

 Lemurs in Madagascar, 416 

 Lendenfeld, Dr. R. von, on glaciation in 



the Australian Alps, 163 

 Leopard, enormous range of, 14 

 Lepidoptera, list of peculiar British, 347 

 Lepidosiren, 63 

 Lepidosiren paradoxa and L. annectens, 



69 

 Lepidosternidpe, 27 

 Limestone as indicating change of sea and 



land, 84 

 Limnma involuta, 356 

 Linaria purpurea, on railway bank, 514 

 Liopelma hochstetteri, in New Zealand, 



483 

 Liotrichidse, 29 



List of the land-birds of Celebes, 466 

 Lizard peculiar to the Mascarene Islands. 



438 

 Lizards of the Galapagos, 278 



local variation of colour of, 431 

 of Xew Zealand, 483 

 Lobeliacea?, abundance of, in the Sandwich 



Islands, 324 

 Locality of a species, importance of, 12 

 Loddigesia viirabilis, rarity of, 16 

 Lord, Mr., on species of Urotrichus, 



394 

 Low-grade and high-grade heat, 145 

 Lowlands nowliere covered with perpetual 



snow, 136 

 Lundy Island, peculiar beetles of, 354 

 Lyell, Sir Charles, on permanence of con- 

 tinents, 84 

 on calcareous mud, 90 

 on the distribution of chalk, 93 

 on geographical causes as modifying 



climate, 148 

 on estimate of geological time, 211, 



235 

 on classification of sedimentary rocks, 

 217 

 Lynxes, a Palaearctic group, 41 



M. 



1 McLaclJan, Mr., on peculiar British cad- 

 dis-flies, 355 

 Madagascar, physical features of, 412 



former condition of, 414 



biological features of, 416 



mammalia of, 416 



reptiles of, 417 



relation of, to Africa, 418 



early history of, 419 



birds of, in relation to "Lemuria," 

 422 



flora of, 439 



conclusion on fauna and flora of, 

 446 



great antiquity of, 446 

 Madagascar and Africa, contrast of, 6 

 ^laillard on animals of Bourbon, 435 

 Malav Islands, local peculiarities of flora 

 in, 187 



past historj' of, 389 

 ^lalayan birds in Formosa, 406 

 Mammalia of East Asia, range of, 34 



of North Africa, range of, 34 

 Mammalia, dispersal of, 73 



of Britain, range of, 33 



poverty of, 329 



of Borneo, 376 



of Java, 382 



of the Pliilippines, 387 



of Japan, 393 



of Formosa, 402 



common to Formosa and India, 403 



of Madagascar, 416 



of Comoro Islands, 428 



of Celebes, 455 ; whence derived, 457 



of New Zealand, 474 

 Maori legend of origin of the forest-rat, 



475 

 ^Maoris, their accounts of the moa, 477 

 Map of the old Rhone glacier, 110 



of North and South Polar Regions, 

 138 



of the Azores, 248 



of Bermuda, 263 



of the Galaiiagos, 276, 277 



of the South Atlantic Ocean, 293 



of the Sandwich Islands, 311 



of the Nortli Pacific with its sub- 

 merged banks, 312 



of British Isles and the 100-fathom 

 bank, 333 



of Borneo and Java, 374 



of Japan and Formosa, 392 



physical, of Madagascar, 413 



of the ]\Iadagascar group, 415 



of the Indian Ocean, 425 



of Celebes, 452 



of sea-bottom around New Zealand, 

 472 



of Australia in Cretaceous period, 

 497 

 Marcou, Professor Jules, on the Pliocene 



and glacial epochs, 233 

 ^Marmot, range of, 15 

 Mars as illustrating glacial theories, 164, 

 168 



