560 



INDEX 



Philippine Islands, 387 

 nianunalia of, 387 

 liirds of, 388 

 past history of, 389 

 Ph]illodactylus galapagensis, 279 

 Phylloscopus horealis, range of, 15 

 Physical causes -wliich determine distribu- 

 tion, 533 

 features of Formosa, 401 

 Pica, 17 



Pickering, Dr., on the flora of the Sand- 

 wich Islands, 323 

 on temperate forms on mountains of 

 the Sandwich Islands, 323 

 Pithecia monachus, distribution of, IS 

 P. rufiharhata, 18 

 Pitta, distribution of, 25 

 Plants, dispersal of, 80 



seeds of, adapted for dispersal, 80 

 wide range of species and genera of, 



185 

 poverty of, in Ireland, 339 

 peculiar British, 359 

 of Ireland not in Great Britain, 304 

 cause of their wide diffusion and nar- 

 row restriction, 369 

 easily dispersed often have restricted 



ranges, 504 

 how they migrate from north to south, 



512 

 of existing genera throughout the 



Tertiary period, 520 

 southern migration of, by way of the 



Himalayas, 523 

 southern migration of, tlu-ough Africa, 



524 

 endemic genera of, in New Zealand, 

 526 

 Platypus, 30 



Plesiiodon lowjirostris of Bermuda, 206 

 Po, matter carried away by, 173 

 Podargus, Australian genus, 47 

 Poecilozonites, peculiar to Bermuda, 270 

 Poinciana regia in Madagascar, 440 

 Populus, fossil in Spitzbergen, 184 

 Pourtales, Count, on modern formation 

 of chalk, 95 

 on sedimentary deposits in Gulf of 

 Mexico, 222 

 Poverty in species of Britain, 338 

 Precession of Equinoxes, influence of, on 



climate, 126 

 Preservation of species, 63 

 Proboscidea, range of, 30 

 Proteus, why preserved, 63 

 Psophia, range of species of, IS 

 Pteroptochidse, 29 

 Pyrenean ibex, restricted range of, 15 



R. 



Railways, new plants on, 513 

 Ramsay, Mr. Wardlaw, on Philippine 

 birds, 3SS 

 Professor, on ancient land surfaces, 



Ramsay, Professor, on geological time 



212 , 



on tliickness of sedimentary rocks. 



219 



Rat, native, of New Zealand, 475 



Rate of organic change usually measui-ed 



by an incorrect scale, 232 

 Rats in the Galapagos, 278 

 Raven, wide range of, 15 

 Reade, T. Mellard, on changes of sea and 



land, 84 

 Recent continental islands, 248, 331 

 Red clay of Bermuda, 265 

 Reptiles, dispersal of, 75 

 of the Galapagos, 278 

 of the Sandwich Islands, 316 

 cause of scarcity of, in British Isles, 



339 

 of Madagascar, 417 

 of the Seychelles, 430 

 of Mauritius and Round Island, 438 

 of New Zealand, 483 

 Ehodolcena altivola in Madagascar, 440 

 Rhus toxicodendron in Bermuda, 272 

 Ridgway, Mr., on birds of Galapagos, 281 

 River-channels, buried, 336 

 Bodies moutonnies, 108 

 Rodents in Madagascar, 417 

 Round Island, a snake and a palm peculiar 



to, 438, 444 

 Riimex pulcher in New Zealand, 515 

 Rye, Jlr. E. C., on peculiar British in- 

 sects, 345, 351 



St. Helena, 292 



effects of European occupation on the 

 vegetation of, 294 



insects of, 298 



land-shells of, 304 



absence of fi-esh-water organisms in, 

 304 



native vegetation of, 305 

 Salvin, Mr., on the birds of the Galapagos, 



280 

 Sandwich Islands, the, 310 



zoology of, 313 



birds of, 313 



reptiles of, 316 



land-shells of, 316 



insects of, 318 



vegetation of, 321 



antiquity of fauna and flora of, 328 

 Sassafras, in Swiss Miocene, 183 

 Scandinavian flora, aggi-essive power of, 



511 

 Scientific voyages, comparative results 



of, 7 

 Sciurus, 26 

 Sclater, Mr. P. L., on zoological regions, 



32, 39 

 Scotland, glacial deposits of, 112-115 



probable rate of denudation in, 173 



Miocene flora of, 184 



peculiar fishes of, 341 



