AN 



INTRODUCTION 



TO THE 



NATURAL SYSTEM OF BOTANY: 



A SYSTEMATIC VIEW 



OF THE ^S^ 



ORGANIZATION, NATURAL AFFINITIES, AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 



OF THE WHOLE 



VEGETABLE KINGDOM; 



TOGETHER WITH THE USES OF THE MOST IMPORTANT SPECIES IN MEDICINE, THE 

 ARTS, AND RURAL OR DOMESTIC ECONOMY. 



By JOHN LINDLEY, F. R. S., L. S., G. S. 



MEMBER OF THE IMPERIAL ACADEMY NATURiE CUHIOSORUM ; 



OF THE BOTANICAL SOCIETY OF RATISBON ; OF THE PH YSIOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY OF LUND; 



OF THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF BERLIN ; 



HONORARY MEMBER OF THE LYCEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY OF NEW YORK, &C. &C. 



AND PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON. 



FIRST AMERICAN EDITION, WITH AN APPENDIX. 



BY JOHN TORREY, M. D., 



Professor of Chemistry and Botany in the College of Physicians and Surgeons in the City of 



New York, Member of the Wernerian Society of Edinburgh, Fellow of the 



Mineralogical Society of Jena, Member of the Physiographical 



Society of Lund, Sweden, &c, &c. 



" C'est ainsi que sont formees les families tres naturelles et g6neralement avoutfes. On extrait de tous 

 les genres qui composent chacune d'elles les caracteres communs a tous, sans excepter ceux qui n'appar- 

 tiennent pas a la fructification, et la reunion de ces caracteres communs constitue celui de la famiile. Plus 

 leg resemblances sont nombreuses, plus les families sont naturelles, ct par suite le caractere general est 

 plus charge. En procedant ainsi, on parvient plus surement au but principal de la Science, qui est, non de 

 nommer une plante, niais de connoitre sa nature et son organization entiere." — J ussikc. 



NEW YORK: 



G. & C. & H. CARVILL, 108, BROADWAY 



1831. 



