182 



CLXXII PYROLACE.E The Winter Green Tribe 



Pyrolejb, Lindl. Coll. Bot.t. 5. (1S2I) ; Synops. 175. (1829.)— Monotropeje, Nutt. Gen. 1.272. 

 (1818); Dec. and Duby, 319. (1828.) 



Diagnosis. Monopetalous dicotyledons, with regular flowers, a superior 

 many-seeded ovarium, a single declinate style, 2-celled dry anthers with appen- 

 dages, winged seeds, and a minute inverted embryo in fleshy albumen. 



Anomalies. The style is not always declinate. There is a shrubby spe- 

 cies of Pyrola. 



Essential Character. — Calyx 5-leaved, persistent, inferior. Corolla monopetalous, hypo- 

 gynous, regular, deciduous, 4- or 5-toothed, with an imbricated {estivation. Stamens hypogy- 

 nous, twice as numerous as the divisions of the corolla; anthers 2-celled, opening longitudi- 

 nally, and furnished with appendages at the base. Ovarium superior, 4- or 5-cellcd, many- 

 seeded, with a hypogynous disk ; style 1, straight or declinate ; stigma simple. Fruit capsu- 

 lar, 4- or 5-celled, dehiscent, with central placentae. Seeds indefinite, minute, winged ; embryo 

 minute, inverted, at the extremity of a fleshy albumen. Herbaceous plants, rarely imder-shrubs, 

 sometimes parasitical and leafless. Stems round, covered with scales ; in the frutescent spe- 

 cies leafy. Leaves either wanting or simple, entire or toothed. Flowers in terminal racemes, 

 rarely solitary. 



Affinities. However different the tribes of Ericere and Orobanchese may 

 seem, they are completely connected with this, which, with the regular corolla, 

 having a slight tendency to irregularity in its declinate style, the 5 cells, 

 and hypogynous dry spurred anthers of the former, combine the habit and pe- 

 culiar structure of seed of the latter. They are known from Ericere by'their 

 winged seeds, minute embryo, often declinate style, and herbaceous often leaf- 

 less habit. The latter character will not, however, alone point out the order ; 

 nor is it even universal in particular genera ; for Pyrola itself, which has visually 

 round bright green leaves, contains a species destitute of leaves, and having 

 the habit of Pterospora. 



Geography. Natives of Europe, North America, and the northern parts 

 of Asia, in fir woods, or in similar situations. 



Properties. Chimaphila umbellata is a most active diuretic ; it is also 

 found to possess valuable tonic properties. The leaves, applied to the skin, 

 act as slight vesicatories. It is remarkable enough that C. maculata, a very 

 closely allied species, should be asserted by American practitioners to be wholly 

 inert. See Barton, 1. 28. [Bigeloiv, 2. 15.] 



Examples. Pyrola, Chimaphila, Monotropa, Pterospora, Schweinitzia. 



CLXXIV. CAMPANULACEiE. The Campanula Tribe. 



Campanula, Juss. Gen. 163. (1789) inpart.— Campanulace*, R. Brown Prodr. 559. (1810) ; 

 Lindl. Synops. 135. (1829.)— Campanuleje, Alph. Dec. Monogr. (1830.) 



Diagnosis. Monopetalous milky dicotyledons, with an inferior ovarium, 

 a regular corolla, capsular fruit, indefinite ovules, alternate leaves, and round 

 pollen. 



Anomalies. 



Essential Character. — Calyx superior, usually 5-lobed (3-8), persistent. Corolla mono- 

 petalous, inserted into the top of the calyx, usually 5-lobed (3-8), withering on the fruit, regular. 

 ^Estivation valvate. Stamens inserted into the calyx alternately with the lobes of the corolla, 

 to which they arc equal in number. Anthers 2-celled, distinct! Pollen spherical. Ovarium 



