202 



§ 6. Cephalanthe.e. 

 Flowers in round heads. Fruit variable. 

 Examples. Cephalanthus, Nauclea, Morinda. 



§ 7. HEDYOTIDE.dE. 



Capsule 2-ceIled, with a loculicidal dehiscence (indehiscent in DenteHa) 

 Cells many-seeded. 



Examples. Dentella, Hedyotis, Gerontogea, Kohautia, Kadua, Xantho- 

 phytum, Metabolos, Rondeletia, Sipanea. 



§ 8. Manettie^e. 

 Capsule 2-celled, with a septicidal dehiscence. Cells many-seeded. Sta- 

 mens 4. 



Example. Manettia. 



§ 9. ClNCHONE-E. 



Capsule 2-celled, with a septicidal dehiscence. Cells many-seeded. Sta- 

 mens 5, or more. 



Examples. Cinchona, Buena, Exostemma, Augusta. 



§ 10. GUETTARDE.E. 



Drupe either with a stone and many seeds, or with several 1-seeded stones. 

 Examples. Guettarda, Chomelia, Burneya. 



§ II. HAMELIACE.E. 



Berry many-celled ; cells many-seeded. 



Examples. Hamelia, Sabicea, Axanthes, Gonzalagunia. 



§ 12. GaRDENIACEjE. 



^Estivation contorted. 



Examples. Gardenia, Hillia. 



This last section is intermediate between Cbinconacese and Strychnacea?, 



Geography. Almost exclusively found in the hotter parts of the world,, 

 especially within the tropics, where they are said to constitute about l-29th of 

 the whole number of flowering plants. In America the most northern species* 

 is Pinckneya pubens, a shrub inhabiting the southern states of North Ame- 

 rica : the most southern is Nerteria depressa, a small herb found in the Straits 

 of Magellan. The order is represented in northern regions by Stellate. 



Properties. Powerful febrifugal or emetic properties are the grand fea- 

 tures of this order, the most efficient products of which, in these two respects, 

 are Quinquina and Ipecacuanha. The febrifugal properties depend upon the 

 presence of a bitter, tonic, astringent principle, which exists in great abundance 

 in the bark ; those of Cinchona are known to depend upon the presence of two 

 alkabes, called cinchonia and quina, both of which are combined with kinic 

 acid ; two principles which, though very analogous, are distinctly different, 

 standing in the same relation to each other as potassa and soda. Turner, 648. 

 Dr. Sertiirner has obtained some other vegeto-alkalies from Cinchona, one of 

 which he calls chinioidia. Brande 12. 417. JV. S. But the existence of this 

 is denied by MM. Henry and Delondre. Ibid. July 1830, p. 422. A detailed 

 account of the qualities, synonymes, and commercial names of the species of 

 Cinchona is given in Mr. Lambert's Illustration of the Genera Cinchona^ 4to. 

 London, 1821. In the same work is a translation of Baron Humboldt's ac- 

 count of the Cinchona forests of South America. Three species of Cinchona, 

 the C ferruginea, Vellozii, and Remijiana, are found in Brazil, where they are 



[* Professor Lin6>y doubtless made this remark inadvertently, as several Cinchonaceae extend consi- 

 derably farther north than the Pinckneya. The Cephalanthus" is found even in Canada.] 



