BO TAX}'. 



BURMESE FORESTS. 



Tlie forests of Burma are divided by Kurz into two classes, Evergreen and 

 DeL-iduous, which again arc subdivided as follows : 



A.— EVERGKEEX FORESTS. 



I. LlTTOEAI, FoRF.SIS. III. TrdPICAL FoREStS. 



II. SwAiip FoBESTS. IV. Hill Forests. 



B.— DECIDUOUS FOIIESTS. 



T. Opex Forests. VIII. Sajjd Du.ve Fokests. 



VI. Dry Forests. IX. Bamboo Jcsgles and Savaxxaus. 



VII. Mixed Forests. X. Desi-kted Clearings. 



Kurz's description of the aliove is as follows, the spelling of the vernacular 

 names being sliglitly altered, iu accordance with the spelling adopted in this edition, 

 in cases where the intended pronunciation is known : 



A.— EVERGREEX FORESTS. 



The evergreen forests consist of trees which are green all the year round, 

 although a few of thcni shed tlieir leaves alter a certain number of years. In higher 

 elevations of the JIartaban and Tenasserim hills, they become intermixed with winter 

 deciduous trees, but these latter are so scanty as not to ail'ect the aspect. 



I. Littoral Forests. 



These are low-land forests growing on the silty alluvial lands bordering the sea, 

 but they ascend also the larger rivers as far as the tidal waves. Salt water is the 

 modifying agent of these forests, and they differ in their aspect according to the 

 saltness of the water, as ali'ectcd by the influx of fresh water from the rivei's 

 or from rain. Along the sea itself, and oftim far extending into it, occur JIangrovo 

 Forests, consisting chiefly of rliizophors, such as I'yu [Rhiznphora, Jlnifficiem, etc.), 

 Kambala [Sonnendia apt'tahi), La-mu [Sutinerutia ucida and »S'. (inj/it/tii), Butayat 

 {yEgiceras cornictilata), I'yn-leh-ka-na-zo [Carapa uboviita), and other small trees, 

 like Kandelia Rheedei, Ceriops, Lumnifzcra raeemosa, Scijphiphora hydruphi/Uatea, 

 and sometimes Ihownloicia lanccohda. The ground is muddy in the extreme, and 

 more or less destitute of vegetation. 



Further inland, where the ground is inund;itcd only during spring-tides, these 

 mangrove forests pass into the so-called tidal forests, in which most of the above- 

 named trees become more subordinate, while Kambala trees [Soiuieratia apctaht) and 

 Tha-me {Avkennia tomeiilosa) prevail, and with these are mingled Thym-ban {Hibiscus 

 tiliacei(s), Thespesia populMa),VynAeh-ka-nii-/M{Jreri(ierami?wr),'n\yn-\\yn{Poiigami(i 

 glabra), TamarixI>idica,Tj.-yoT(A'jra:cariaa(/a//oclia), Kjn-hn-]yn{.i}it idesma diandntm), 

 Kon-ka-thyt {Eri/thrina ovnlifo/ia), Ye-chin-ya {Da/berffia spiiiosa), Ka-lwa {Cerbera 

 odallam), Tha-nat {Cordia myxa), Then-boung {Phcvnix paludom), and s(!veral other 

 conspicuous trees. Shrubs become much developed, of which the following may 

 be mentioned: Ka-ya {Acanthus ilicifolius), I'yn-leh-kyoung {Clcrodc/idron iiicrme), 

 Ka-yu {Pluchea Indica), Ta-ma-zok {Glochidion multiloculare), JEgialitis annulata, etc. 

 Tiiese are often intertwined by Mi-joung-nweh {Ben-is sca>ide>is), Doris uliyiiiosa, 

 Myouk-goung-nyin {Ikrris sinuata), Acanthus vulubilis, Shway-nweh-pau {Cassi/tha 

 Jiliformis), asclcpiads such as Einlaysonia, Sarcnlobus, Iluya, etc., and some others. 

 A fern {Acrostichum aureum) forms dense patches, and so do locally some coarse 

 grasses, chiefly Cyperus incurralus, and other species; Fan-you {Attdropoyon 

 muricatus, Lcptochloa Wightii, Eragrostis proccra, Scirpus pcctinatus, etc., along with 

 a few herl]s which spring u|) in more o])cn localities. i)a-iii {Nipa fruticamt) and 

 Tha-kyet {I'andanus fwtidus) form locally dense bushes, especially the first named. 



