13 BURMA, ITS PEOriE AXD PRODUCTIONS. 



ySemecarpus j)an(ltiratus), Gwe [Spondias mangifera), Hpaii-ga (^Tirminalia (omcn(cUa), 

 Htouk-kyrm [Terniinidia creiiuIata),'Lt:i\ {Termiiialia pi/rifo/ia),'l'hyt-stm {Ten/iinalia 

 be/erica), Youg {Anogeissus acuminatus), Pyeng-ma or Pi-ma {Lagerslroemia rfffina), 

 Leh-za {Lagcrstrcemia fomenlosa), Myouk-slior [HonuiUnin tumentosiim), Tseik-gyi 

 {Briedelia retusa), Thyt-pa-grm [Jldlettia Brandisii), Tha-nat {CoriUa grandis), 

 Tem-a-ne ( Gmelma rt/'iorca), '1 liyt-pok {Dalbergia purpurea), Hnor (Kiiueha cord if olid), 

 Byn-ga [Nauclea rotundifulin), Kyot-yo ( Vitex alata), Thyn-wyn {Mdlettia leucuntha), 

 Ouk-chyn-za {Diospyros ehretioidcs), Kywon-na-leng {Premna toinenlosa), Be-bya 

 i^Cratoxylon neriijoliuni), '^^et-shov {SterciiJia colorata), Meli-za-li or Toung-meli-za-li 

 {Cassia siamea), !Ngu-thcmg {Cassia nodosa), Kha-boung {Strgchnos nux-romica), 

 Nab-lie (Odiiia ivodier), Dwa-ni {Eriolacna CandoUei), Thyt-yin ( C/'o<o» ollongifolium), 

 Ke-u-weli {Flacoiirtia cataphrada), Ka-dwot {Ficus hispida), Ye-klia-ong {Ficus cunia), 

 Kha-ong {Ficus conglomerata), and others. Large-sized bamboo, Kyii-tboung-wa 

 {Bamhusa polymorplm), Tyn-wa {Cephalosfachgum pergracile), and in diier situations 

 ilyin-wa {DeitdrocaJamus strictus), Ibrm tbc chief undergrowth, intermixed with such 

 trees as Lyn-k5"or {DiHenia parriflora), Lyn-bywon {Dtllenia Pcntagyma), Ma-da-ma. 

 {Dalbergia ovate and I), glauca), P_yn-te-yor {Orewia clastica), Pyi-zin {Antidcsma 

 CThaseniiUa), Let-khok-thein {Uularrhena pubesccns), Kbyoung-ya {Calosanthus Indica), 

 Sha-ma {Emblica albizzioides), Ta-sha [Emblica officinalis), etc. 



Falms are represented by Za-noung ( Wallichia), Min-bu ( Carynta urens), and 

 a few Rattans. Shrubs are here few and meagre. Climbers, although mostly 

 powerful ones, and therefore injuiious to tree growth, play a subortlinate role. The 

 herbage is scattered, and the grey or yellowish soil is everywhere exposed during 

 the diT season. The greater moisture and shade along favoui-ably exposed slopes, 

 and of deep valleys, permits the growth of wood-oil trees, as Kan-yin-hpyu {Biplero- 

 carpus ahtus), Kok-ko [Albizzia Lebbelc), Shor-htu {Beilschmiedia lioxbiirghii), Kyonng- 

 touk {Paganclia innllijaga), Ma-ni-okka {Corallia integerriina), Ye-the-hpan {Ficus 

 glomerala), Wa-ya {Bcndrocalamus longispathus), and other shade-loving trees. 



2. Loiccr 2Iixc(l Foreds. 



These forests occupy the alluvium and lowlands of the country, and principally 

 consist of the same kind of trees that grow in the upper mi.xed forests, liut their 

 growth is much lower, and the undergrowth is, moreover, a different one. To those 

 trees already mentioned as growing in the upper mixed forests must be added 

 chiefly Htouk-sha {Vitex Icucoxylon), Dwa-bok {Kydia caJycina), Di-du {Bombax 

 malabariciim), Ma-lwa {Spatliodca siipulaia), Tha-kwot-ma {Spathodea Rheedii), 

 Hpet-than {Heterophragma adenophylla), Thyt-ma ji {Albizzia odoratissima), Syt 

 {Albizzia procera), Htein {Nauclea divcrsifolia), a few species of the section of 

 Urostigma, of Ficus, especially Ficus geniculata, Ngu-gyi {Cusia Jistula), C!he-ni 



^{Barringfonia acutangula), Hman-hpyu {Randia uliginosa), Hsay-than-paya {Randia, 

 longispma), Hinan-ni {Gardenia eryfhroclada), Ma-ji-bok {Gardenia sessifora), 

 Ta-bwot-gyi {Miluisa velutina), Dwa-ni {Eriolacna CandoUei), Myat-ya or Myaiya 

 {Greioia micrucos), Grewia laivigata, Casearia canziala, Ta-chan-za {Ueterupanax 



fragrans), Thyt-hswe-le {Schrebcra siaietenioides), ^jct-yo {Vitex piabescens), svyoral 

 kinds of Ta-ma-sok {Glochidion), Na-lin-jyo {Cinnamomum), Bwe-zyn {Bauhinia Mala- 

 harica), Thyt-pyoung {Kauclea sessifoUa), Anam or Anan-bo {Crypteronia panicxdaia'), 

 here and there Ka-na-zo {Baccaurea sapida), Berris robusla and others. The bamboo 

 here is chiefly Tyn-wa ( CepliaJostacliyum pergracile), AVa-hpyu-ga-le ( Gigantochloa albo- 

 ciliata), and Ti-wa {Bambusu Tulda), but these are scattered in patches and do not 

 form such an uninterrupted undergrowth as the bamboos on the hills. Climlxrs are 

 numerous and of various descriptions, and I will mention only the more powcii'ul or 

 more common ones. These are Pouk-nwch {Batea superba and B. parriflora), Kon- 

 nyin-nweh {Eiitada scandens), Tha-bwot-nweh ( Uvaria niacropliylla), Tor-zi-nweh 

 {Zizyphus anoplia), Khwe-nweh {Colubrina pubesccns), several vines, but chiefly Yen- 

 hnoiing-nweh ( Vifis Linnai), Chyn-douk-nweh-zouk ( Vitis latifolia) Wun-u-uweh or 

 Myeh-zu-nweh ( J^'th's eryfhroclada), Yen-hnoung-peing-nweh ( Vitis auriculafa) Kyi-ni 

 or Kyi-che-nway ( Vitis lanccolaria), further Da-ma-ngeh-nweh {Millettia extensa), 



