QRAMINEJE. 95 



Snb-Kingdom II. PH/ENOGAMS, 



COTYLEDONOUS OR FLOWERING PLANTS. 

 Plants furnished with flowers, and propagated by secdsi. 



CLASS in. MONOCOTYLEDONS. 



Stem, wekn woody, uxifdhiily consistixg of bundles of fidiies nuiEGrLAiu.r 

 imbedded ix cellttlak tissre, witii a firmly adherent baek os the outside. 

 Embkyo with one undivided cotyledon, the youno stem been'q beveloped from 



A SHEATH-LIKE CAVITY ON ONE SIDE. FlORAL PARTS USUALLY' TRIPLE, THE CALYX 

 AND COROLLA, IF PRESENT, USUALLY ALMOST CONFORM IN STRUCTURE, FORMING OFTEN A 

 SEX-PAEIIIE PERIANTH. 



Division A. OVAEY SUPERIOR. 



Sub-division a. Ovary syxcarpous. 

 (rarely apocarpous in some Palms). 



GLUM ALES.' 

 Flowers on the axils of scales, which are arranged in spikelets. Perianth 

 none, or of minute scales, or hairs or bristles. Stamens 3, rarely more. Ovary 

 1-ceUed and 1-ovuled. Fruit a caryopsis. 



Albumen fleshy or flowery. Embryo immersed, or not. Grasses or grass-like 

 herbs. 



Order GRAillXEiE. 



Flowers ghimaceous, in spikelets, usually hermaphrodite. Periaiifh none. SptJcc- 

 lets 1 -floral or many-floral, with 1 or 2 bracts or glumes at their base, glumes rarely 

 wanting. Reproductive organs naked, or surrounded by 2 or 3 minute scales called 

 ' lodicules ' enclosed between two oppositely alternating chafi^-likc concave scales, 

 called upper and lower valves, or ' palcas'' ; those of the lower, or the uppermost 

 ones often barren or suppressed altogether. Stumcus hypogyuous, usually 3, rarely 

 reduced to 1 or 2, or (in bamboos chiefly) increased to 6 and more. Anthers versatile, 

 2-celled. Ocary 1 -celled, with 1 ovule; style bi- or tri-lobcd, or more frequently 

 divided down to the base into 2 or 3 more or less f(>ather3' stj-lcs. Fruil 1- seeded 

 and seed-like, called usually a caryopsis, free or adhering to the persistent upper 



' Dr. Jluson's list of nislirs and grasses is meagre in the cxtrnme, embracing only .3 species of 

 the former and 2.5 of the latter plants Tlie list given now is also very defective, especially as regards 

 the Cj-perace;c, and is ma<le up trom the following sources. Kurz's list of the linmboos of linrma and 

 his other papers already quoted, and some additional species from Munro's Monograph coinniunicnted 

 to mo by the Rev. V'. I'arish ; A list of Asiatic Panicacere in lialfour's ryclop;c(Ua of India, from 

 which I have extracted such species as seemed probably Burmese ; the generic character, nomenclature, 

 and synonymy of all species ranging to China and Ceylon, being given from Thwaitcs' • Enunurator 

 I'lautarum Zevlania',' and lientliam's Flora Ilonkongensis, whilst the characters of the Tribes are 

 those adopted l)y Maout and Decaisae. From these sources a tentative list of 62 Cyperacea; and 182 

 GramiueiB is now ottered. 



