398 BURMA, ITS PEOPLE AXD PRODUCTIOXS. 



Leaves rather long-petioled. 



V. KuEzii, Claiko. Hills East of Toung-ngoo at 2000 to 4000 feet. 



Meagre shrub or small tree, softly tomentose. Leaves broad. Flower-heads 

 shortly pocluneltd, corymbose-panicled. Involucral bracts densely white-tomentose. 



V. ARBOREA, Ham. Tenasserim. 



V. Biumeana, D.G. 

 Eupidvrium Javaninim, Bl. 



Trees. Leaves coriaceous, long-petioled, densely tomentose beneath, glabrescent 

 above or rarely also beneath. Flo-vver-lieads sessile or nearly so, clustered, in corymb- 

 like tomentose panicles. Involucral bracts thinly appressed pilose. 



+ + ScunJent shruhs. 



V. ELJEAGNrFOLiA, D.C. ilaulmaiu and Siara. 



Stem and leaves beneath appressed silvery pubescent. Flower-heads almost 

 sessile, divaricate corymbose and panicled. Involucral bracts glabrous, ciliate. 



Sub-genus Hololepis, D.C. 



Outer involucre entirely leafy and large, or smaller and produced into a leafy 

 appendage. 



"'^ Outer invohicrnl brads large n)id Jeafij, cntird;/ concealing the inner ones. 

 V. CALTCrxA, Wall. Prome. 



Leaves broadly oval, almost sessile, rather glabrous. Flower-heads pcdimcled, 

 corymbose. 



** Outer involucral bracts scarious, produced at ike iijys into a foliaceous linear 

 appendage. 



V. (Contza) AxiHELiiixiHiCA, L. Ava. Taong-doung. 



Shortly and thinly pubescent. Leaves petioled. Flower-heads corymbose. 

 Pappus rufesceut. 



CYXAPJJCErilALIE.E, Vnillant. 



Fiords either regular and tubular, tcith the style usually thichned joint-like near or 

 at the apex, or bilabiate icith the style various. Herbs, rarely shrubs, not aromatic. 

 Anther-base usually tailed or fringed. 



Sub-tribe CYN.\E0IDIE:E. 

 Flower-heads discoid, the florets all tubular and regular or nearly so, hermajthro- 

 dite, the lobes usually narrow. Anthfrs usually fringed or tailed at the base. Style 

 usnully thickened joint-like at or below the division into branches, which latter are narrow 

 and obtuse, or slightly pointed and often erect. Leaves alternate, often spiny. 



* Flower-heads usually many-flowered, separate. 

 X Aclienes usually glabrous, seated in the very oblique or lateral areoles of the 

 receptacle. 



-f- Involucre without floral leaves or outer leafy brads. 



Tkicholepis, Be Candolle. 



Involucral bracts naiTOW, awned-acuminate, entire, not appendaged. Filaments 

 shortly papillose-pilose. Anthers with rather long shaggy tails. Style-branches thin. 

 Aehenes glabrous, obtusely cornered or compressed. Leaves unarmed. 



T. Karexsicm, Kz. Martaban. Karen-ni {fide !Mason). 



Tlie largest Indian species. 

 4- -f Involucre surrounded by spiny-toothed floral leaves or outer leafy brads. 



CAltTUAJirs, Linnnus. 

 Outer involucral bracts with a large leafy appendage, inner ones spiny-pointed. 



