410 BURMA, ITU PEOPLE AXD PRODUCTIONS. 



* Capsule locuUciflalhj dehiscent. 



Sub-geniis Oldenlandia, L. 



Capsule more or less hemispherical or obsoletely 2-lub(-'tl, opening loculiciJally. 

 Annual, rarely perennial herbs. 



* Prostrate or diffuse herls. Flowers solitanj, or in ctjmcs or clusters in the axils 

 of the leaves {rarely also terminal). Soot sometimes turning pcrenjiial. 

 X Leaves more or less oval, petioled. 

 H. (Oldenlaxdia) teixervia, Retz. Chittagong and Akyab. 



Flowers solitary, sessile or nearly so. • 



X X Leaves linear to narrou'-linear, rarely lanceolate, more or less sessile. 

 + Flowers solitary or ly 2-3 on an axillary peduncle. 



H. RAMOsissiMA, Sprong. Along the course of the larger Rivers 



Oldenlandia hracliypoda, B.C. (Irrawaddy, Tsittoimg). 



0. diffusa, Ro.xb. 



Flowers solitary, on very short strong pedicels. Leaves membranous, flat. 



H. (Oldenlandia) bifloka, L. All over'Burma. 



Oldenlandia Lturmanniana, R. Br. 

 0. HEEBACEA, B.C. var. [i and c in Ava, Pegu, and the Andamans. 



O. diffusa, Willd. 



0. corymhosa, L. 



0. graminicola, Kz. Kamorta. 



0. ramosa, Roxb. 

 Flowers by 2-3, rarely solitary, on a capillary peduncle. Pedicels very long 

 and capillary. Leaves membranous, flat. 



H — 1" Flowers hy 4 or more, forming axillary and terminal clusters or cymes. 

 Leaves more or less revolute on their margins, somewhat rigid. 



H. (Oldenlandia) ujmbellata, L. Ava (probalily). 



LI. polygonoides, "Wall. 



Flowers in peduncled cymes or tlio cymes umbel-like. 



The bark of the roots of tliis small biennial plant yields a durable scarlet dye' 

 for which it is extensively cultivated in India and Ceylon, and with it tlio celebrated 

 red turbans of Madura are dyed. The wild plant is supposed to yield more colouring 

 matter than tlie cultivated, which last sells for 20 rupees per candy of 500 lbs. It is 

 good for dyeing at two years, but tlie quality of older roots is better. A test of its 

 quality is to grind up some of the root witli (|uicklirae, wlieu, if the root is good, 

 the whole quickly assumes a fine red colour. It is extensively used for dyeing 

 chintzes in India, but is said to deteriorate if ship)ped in bulk. 



H. angustifolia, Cham, et Schlecht. Amherst. 



H. pinifolia, "Wall. 



Flowers in small clusters. 



*"" Erect annuals. Flowers in terminal panicles or cymes, or solitary, rarely the 

 inflorescence also axillary. 



X Leaves sessile or nearly so. 



H. LiJioiDEs, Griff. Tavoy. Mcrgui. 



LL. arguta, R. Rr. 



Leaves sagittate at the base, shortly bristly rough. Flowers palc-])lue, by 3—1 

 terminal, and also singly from the leaf-axils. Pedicels long and capillary. 



H. oEAciLis, "Wall. Ava ; near Katha. 



IT. sfricta. Wall. 



