NEUROPTERIDIUM:. 117 



1879. Neuropteris valida, Feistmantel, Flora Gondw. Syst., vol. iii, pt. 1, 



p. 10, pis. ii-vi. 



1880. Neuropteridium validum, Feistmantel, ibid., vol. iii, pts. 2, 3, p. 84. 



1881. N. validum, Feistmantel, ibid., vol. iii, pt. 1, Suppl., p. 53. 



1893. Neuropteris valida, Oldham, Man. Geol. India, pi. opp. p. 158. 



1894. Neuropteridium validum, Kurtz, Rev. Mus. La Plata, vol. vi, p. 127, 



pi. i, tigs. 1, 2. 



1895. N. validum, Zeiller, Compt. Rend., vol. cxxi, p. 963. 



N. validum, Zeiller, Bull. Soc. Geol. France, ser. in, vol. xxiii, p. 616. 

 N. validum, Bodenbender, Rev. Mus. La Plata, vol. vii, table opposite 

 p. 148. 



1896. N. validum, Bodenbender, Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Gesell., vol. xlviii, 



table opposite p. 772. 

 1903. N. validum, Seward, Ann. S. African Mus., vol. iv, p. 85, pi. x, 

 figs. 1, la, lb, 2. 



Types. Caxruthers', V. 228, Geol. Dept. British Museum (Nat. 

 Hist.) ; Feistmantel's, Nos. 4982-4993, Mus. Geol. Surv. India, 

 Calcutta. 



"Frond long and linear, pinnate, rachis strong, bearing pinnules 

 which in the lower part of the frond are entire and more or less 

 semicircular in form, and gradually pass into longer and lobeel 

 segments as we ascend the rachis. The longer pinnules, which 

 may reach a length of 6 cm. or more, are not attached by the whole 

 of the base, like the stouter and broader segments in the basal 

 portion of the frond, but the basal lobe of the upper edge of the 

 segment is free from the rachis. Apex of pinnules bluntly 

 rounded. Veins spreading, curving towards the edge of the 

 pinnules with repeated dichotomous branching, and converging in 

 the longer segments to form a fairly distinct midrib in the lower 

 part of the lamina " (Seward (03 1 ), p. 86). 



The distribution of this frond in the rocks of Gondwanaland is 

 especially interesting. The same species occurs in the Talchir- 

 Karharbari Series of the Lower Gondwauas of India, in Permo- 

 Carboniferous beds in Rio Grande do Sul, brazil, and in Argentina, 

 and also, as has been shown recently by Mr. Seward, in the Ecca 

 Series of Cape Colony. It is therefore an important and widely 

 distributed type in association with members of the Glossopteris 

 flora. It may be also pointed out that this species agrees very 

 closely, as both Feistmantel and Seward have already demonstrated, 

 with Schimper & Xlougeot's 1 N. g r and ifol turn from the Triassic 

 rocks of the Vosges. 



1 Schimper & Mougeot (44), p. 77, pi. xxxvi, fig. 1. 



