INTRODrCTION. 



the botanist may not pass. They are usually covered with 



sphagnum and afford a home for plants similar to those that fre- 

 quent the lake borders. Several, although true bogs, are called 

 swamps. Among the more interesting may be mentioned Thomp- 

 son' s marsh, a short distance east of Pond Brook; the Cranberry 

 marsh, two miles north of Lanesboro; the peat-bog ■o.^ds ]2sv\^ 

 street in the city of Binghamton; Beebes siuamp, along the Sus- 

 quehanna at Oakland ; Bear swamp, one mile southeast of Sus- 

 quehanna and several hundred feet above the river; the peaf-bog 

 one mile east of Union, in the river valley; Drake's swamp, four 

 miles north of Barton and nearly four hundred feet above the 

 river; Tribe s jw^w/, two miles north of Drake's swamp; VafiEt- 

 ten swamp, sixteen miles north of Sayre between VanEtten and 

 Spencer; the VI at, on the ridge between the Ouleout and Sus- 

 quehanna, about a mile and a half from Oneonta, and the 

 Brisben bogs, about half-way between Oxford and Greene and a 

 mile and a half from Brisben. 



Second only to the bogs are the swamps proper. These are 

 of less depth, contain little or no peat and are usually covered 

 with several inches of standing water. They are the homes of 

 Typha latifolia, Calla pahcstris, Nymphwa advena. Ilex ver- 

 ticillata, Sparganhwi, and a large number of sedges. Of this 

 class are the Beechwood swamp at the west end of Clinton street, 

 Binghamton, the marshlands, a short distance west of Apala- 

 chin. near the river, and Lowman' s siuamp, at Lowman P. O. 



MOUNTAINS AND RAVINES. 



There are few if any elevations within our limits of sufficient 

 altitude to be called mountains, but several lesser heights have 

 been dignified by the title. Among them, Mt. Prospect, north- 

 west of Binghamton, Ely hill, northeast of Binghamton, and 

 South Mountain, south of Binghamton, have elevations of about 

 1,200 feet above tide. Mutton-Hill, south of Apalachin, elevation 

 1,350 feet; Spanish Hill, two miles northwest of Sayre, elevation 

 about goo feet; Sullivan Hill, five miles east of Elmira, eleva- 

 tion about i,5fxj feet. The Chemung Narrows, west of Chemung 

 village. Mountain House Narrows, five miles west of Elmira. 

 and the Narrows at Owego, are so called from the fact that here 

 steep cliffs constrict the valley. 



