5) FLORA OF THE UPPER SUSQUEHANNA. 



C. candidissima Marsh. Panicleu Cornel. Frequent in thickets 

 in wet or dry soil. Much branched ; bark gray, branchlets 

 chestnut-colored ; flowers many, white, in conical cymes; fruit 

 white. June. ( C. paniculata L'Her. ) 



C. alternifolia L f. Alternate-leaved Cornel. Common in 

 open woods and copses. Leaves alternate, clustered at the ends 

 of the spreading, warty, greenish branches. Flowers numerous, 

 pale buff color ; fruit deep blue, on reddish stalks. June. 



The fruit of the Cornels, especially that oiflorida, Ainonum 



and stolonifera, is much liked by thrushes, sparrows, wood- 

 peckers and other birds. 



NYSSA L. 



N. aquatica L. Pepi-eridcxE. Sour Gum. Black Gum. Tupelo. 

 Common in rich, moist soil. Scarce, Lucy. Not reported north 

 of Broome and Susquehanna counties. A tree often of consid- 

 erable size. Leaves oblong, firm, shining, turning bright crim- 

 son in autumn ; drupes bluish black ; branches usually gnarled 

 and twisted ; wood soft, but very hard to split because of the in- 

 terlacing fibres. ( N. sylvatica ]\Iarsh. ) 



CAPRIFOLIACE/E. 



SAMBUCUS L. 



S. Canadensis L. Common Elder. Abundant in fence rows, 

 along roadsides, and especially in the vicinity of water. Flowers 

 numerous, white, in flat cymes; berries black, edible. Well 

 known. 



S. pubens Michx, Rkd-herried Elder. Common, especially in 

 moist, rocky woods. Blooms much earlier than the preceding; 

 berries smaller, scarlet, ripe in June. Reputed to be poisonous. 

 The fruit is greedily eaten by many of our smaller birds. Very 

 noticeable when in fruit. {S. racemosa L ) 



VIBURNUM L. 

 V. alnifolium Marsh. HoiUiUE Bush. Witch Hopple. Ameri- 

 can Wavi ARLN(; Tree. Wild Hvdranc.ea. Common in cool, 

 moist woods. Leaves large, roundi-sh-ovate ; flowers small, 

 white, in a flat cyme, the outer ones sterile, with much larger 

 corollas ; drupes dark red, edible. The long, slender branches 

 often root at their extremities. May. ( V. lantanoidcs Michx.) 



