FLORA OF THE Ll'l'EH SUSvLKH ANN A. 51 



V. Opulus L. Hh;h Cranhkrrv. Cranhkrry Trek. Found 

 sparingly throughout our range except in the valley of the Che- 

 mung river. Usually occurs in thickets, especially in damp 

 places. Leaves three-lobed ; flowers as in the preceding ; fruit 

 red, acid, sometimes used as a substitute for the cranberry. 

 The Guelder Rose of the gardens is a variety of this. 



V. acerifolium L. Dockmackie. Mai'lk-leavrd Viirrnl.m. Ar- 

 Kow-wooii. Common in rocky woods. A well marked species. 

 Flowers small, greenish-white ; fruit purplish. June. 



V. pubescens (Ait.) Pursh. Downy Arrow- wood. Not com- 

 mon. Reported from Susquehanna county west. Frequent. 

 Lucy. Much resembles V. detitatiim, but is distinguished 

 from it by its shorter petioles and the presence of awn-like 

 siipules. June. 



V. dentatum L. Arrow- wood. More common than the preced- 

 ing. Found on the borders of swamps and in other low grounds. 

 Young branches long, straight and slender; fruit, purple. 



V, Cassinoides L. Withe-rod. Tolerably common from Sus- 

 quehanna and Broome counties west. Elsewhere not reported. 

 Found in low grounds. 



V. Lentago L. Nannv-berrv. Sweet Vhurnl-m. Sheep-merry. 

 Common throughout in low grounds. A shrub or small tree, 

 well known for its dark-blue, edible fruit, ripe in September. 



V. prunifoHum L. Black Haw. Sloe. Frequent in fence-rows 

 and along roadsides, Graves. Often confounded with the pre- 

 ceding, from which it is distinguished by the rather obtuse and 

 finally serrate leaves, and slightly margined petioles. It should 

 occur in other parts of our range. 



TRIOSTEUM L. 



T. perfoliatum L. Fever-wort. Hoksk-<;entian. Tinker's- 

 WEED. Wn.D Coffee. Not very common. Usually found on 

 the borders of woods. Flowers in the axils of the leaves, brown- 

 ish red, succeeded by orange-colored, fleshy fruits. May. 



LINN.4i:A L. 

 L. borealis L. Twin fd^wer. Rare. In woods, wet or dry. 

 Hill south of Susquehanna, Graves. Killawog, Clute. Ox- 

 ford, Coville. Tioga Centre, Fenno. Corning; also Bradford 



