62 FLORA OF THE UPPER SUSQUEHANNA. 



-C. Parthenium and C. Ba/safni'ta are occasionally found 



as escapes, but do not persist. 



TANACETUM L. 



T. vulgare L. Tansy. Common along roadsides, along streams 

 and about old buildings. Well known. The fresh leaves are 

 considered a sure preventive against the depredations of the 

 carpet beetle. 



The Wormwood, Mug wort and Southernwood {Artemisia 



Absinthium, A. vulgaris and A. Abrotanum), belong here. 

 All are occasionally found as escapes, but seldom exist long in 

 the wild state. 



TUSSILAGO L. 



T. Farfara L. Coltsfoot. Common, except in the Chemung valley 

 where it is rare. Found along roadsides, and especially on the 

 banks of streams. Flowers before the leaves in early spring, 

 like dandelions, on scaly scapes ; leaves, large, cordate, angular. 

 This plant is a lover of clay soils, and its presence is usually an 

 indication of such. Mar. April. 



SENECIO L. 

 -S. aureus L. Golden Ragwort. Groundsel. Squaw-weed. 

 PIUNK;u^L Common on the borders of swamps and along streams. 

 Stems simple or branched above ; heads numerous ; rays golden 

 yellow. May. 



CACALIA L. 



C. suaveolens L. Indlvn Plantain. River banks near Ox- 

 ford, Coinlle. Apalachin ; rare, Femto. 



C. atriplicifolia L. Pale Indian Plantain. Very rare. A sin- 

 gle plant collected at Wellsburg in August, 1S74, Lucy. 



ERECHTITES Rae. 



E. hieracifolia (L. )Raf. ;DC. Fireweed, Butter-weed. Com- 

 mon in waste places, especially in grounds that have been re- 

 cently burned over. A coarse, ill-smelling weed, with cylin- 

 dric involucres and rayless flowers. Aug. 



ARCTIUM L. 



A. Lappa !>. Birdock. A common and well-known plant about 

 dwellings, in fields, etc. The varieties tnimts and majus occa- 

 sionally occur. 



