TYPHACEAE. 3 



Aments axillary, the ovulate with smaller scales at the top : leaves subulate and 

 spreading on mature branches. 1. Juniperus. 



Aments terminal, the ovulate with larger scales at the top : leaves 



scale-like and appressed on mature branches. 2. Sabixa. 



1. JUNIPERUS [Tourn.] L. Leaves in 3's, subulate, neither imbricate 

 nor appressed, glandless. Staminate ament axillary. Ovulate aments with the 

 ovules alternate with the scales. 



1. J, communis L. An erect shrub, or small tree. Leaves slender, 10-20 mm. 

 long, spreading: cones 6-8 mm. in diameter. — Pare, generally on creek banks. 

 Mostly confined to a grove on the shales and sandstones near Eeinholds and a 

 few trees on the Conestoga creek below Lancaster on limestone, and scattered on 

 the serpentine barrens. — Spr. — Juniper. 



2. SABINA Haller. Leaves scale-like, except sometimes on twigs, ap- 

 pressed, often imbricate, each with a gland in the back. Staminate aments 

 terminal on branchlets. Ovulate aments with ovules opposite the scales. 



1. S. virginiana (L.) Antoine. A conic tree becoming 30 m. tall. Scale- 

 like leaves, 4-ranked, 1-4 mm. long, acute: cones ovoid, 5-6 mm. long, annual: 

 seeds 3-4 mm. long, smooth. — Common, most abundant in hilly districts. — 

 Spr. — Cedar. Eed-cedar. 



Class II. ANGIOSPERMAE. Fruit Plants. 



Carpel, or pistil, formed by the union of the margins of one, 

 or of several, rudimentary leaves; within the cavity thus formed 

 the ovules are borne and the seeds matured. 



Cotyledon 1 : leaf-blades with the primary or lateral veins parallel : stem endogenous. 



Subclass 1. MONOCOTYLEDONES. 



Cotyledons typically 2 : leaf -blades with the veins 



netted : stem exogenous. Subclass 2. Dicotyledones. 



Subclass 1. MONOCOTYLEDONES. 



Stem consisting of a ground mass of soft tissue in which 

 bundles of wood-cells are irregularly placed. Early leaves alternate. 



Order PANDANALES. 



Perennial, aquatic or marsh herbs, with elongate rootstocks. Leaves 



with narrow blades. Flowers in naiTow or globular spikes or racemes. 



Perianth of scales or bristles. Androecium of 2-7 stamens. Gynoecivim 



1- or 2-carpellai-y. Fruit nut-like. 



Racemes cylindric : perianth of bristles : gynoecium stipitate. Fam. 1. Typhaceae. 

 Spikes (heads) globular: perianth of scales: gynoecium 



sessile. Fam. 2. Spaeganiaceae. 



Family 1. TYPHACEAE. Cat-tail Family. 



Raceme solitary and terminal, subtended by deciduous bracts, the 

 staminate portion uppermost. Perianth of bristles. Pistil stipitate: 

 stigma spatulate, oblong or rhomboidal. 



1. TYPHA [Tourn.] L. Plants growing in ST;\'amps. Leaves erect, or 

 rarely floating, narrowly elongate. Mature pistillate raceme terminal, cylindrie, 

 compact. — Sum. — 'T'at-tail. Eeed-mace. 



