CYPEEACEAE. 61 



sessile or very nearly so, 6-20 mm. long, usually clustered, the terminal one 

 staminate at the base : scales ovate, short-cuspidate or obtuse : perigynia oval 

 or obovoid, flattened, not inflated, imbricate, rounded at apex, green or green- 

 ish-brown, few-nerved, slightly pubescent when young, glabrous when mature, 

 1-2 mm. long, the orifice entire : achene elliptic-obovoid, its summit not bent. 

 [C. hirsuia Muhl.] — Common, in meadows and thickets. — Sum. 



65. C. caroliniana Schw. Culms slender, rough above, 3-8- dm. tall: leaves 

 glabrous except on sheaths; blades 2-3 mm. wide: spikes 2-4, dense, erect, 

 sessile or very nearly so, 8-18 mm. long, 4 mm. in diameter, clustered, the termi- 

 nal one staminate at base: scales ovate, brown, mucronate: perigynia obovoid, 

 squarrose, swollen, orbicular in cross-section, pointed at apex, brown, coarsely 

 nerved, glabrous at maturity, 2 mm. long, 1 mm. in diameter, the orifice entire 

 or emarginate: achenes pyriform. — N. Frequent, in meadows and woodlands. 

 — Sandstones and shales. — Sum. 



56. C. B'ushii Mackenzie. Culms slender, roughish above, 4-8 dm. tall: sheaths 

 pubescent; blades 2-3 mm. wide, glabrous or pubescent beneath: spikes 2-3, 

 dense, erect, sessile or very nearly so, 6-20 mm. long, 5-8 mm. in diameter, 

 clustered, the terminal one staminate at base : scales lanceolate, strongly 

 rough-cuspidate: perigynia obovoid, ascending, swollen, orbicular in cross- 

 section, pointed at apex, green, coarsely nerved, glabrous at maturity, 2.5-3 

 mm. long, 1.5 mm. in diameter, the orifice entire or emarginate: achenes obo- 

 void, tipped with a bent style. — S. Frequent, in swamp, meadows, and rich 

 woods. — Schists, serpentine. — Spr. 



57. C. scabrata Schwein. Culms rough above, 3-10 dm. tall: leaves very rough 

 above; blades much elongate, 5-18' mm. wide: bracts similar but narrower: 

 staminate spike short-stalked: pistillate spikes 3-6, erect, the upper short-stalked, 

 the lower sometimes spreading or drooping, all linear-cylindric, densely many- 

 flowered, 1.5-5 cm. long, 5-9 mm. in diameter: scales lanceolate, acute or short- 

 awned, prominently nerved, shorter than the perigynia : perigynia greenish- 

 brown, ovoid, somewhat inflated, 3-4 mm. long, strongly several-nerved, papil- 

 lose, each tipped by a long minutely 2-toothed or obliquely cut beak. — N. 

 Bather rare, in moist woods. — Sandstones and shales. — Spr. and sum. 



58. C. stricta Lam. Leaves rarely overtopping the culm; blades very rough- 

 margined, 2-4 mm. wide : basal sheaths prominently filamentose : culms slender, 

 stiff, in dense clumps, sharply 3-angled, very rough above, 3-11 dm. tall: lower 

 bract similar to the leaves: staminate spikes solitary or sometimes 2, stalked: 

 pistillate spikes 2-5, linear-cylindric, often staminate at the top, densely 

 flowered, or loose at the base, 1.5-5 cm. long, 2-4 mm. thick, sessile or the 

 lower stalked: scales dark, with green margins and midvein, oblong or lanceo- 

 late, appressed: stigmas 2: perigynia ovate-elliptic, acute, faintly few-nerved, 

 2.5 mm. long, minutely beaked, the orifice entire or nearly so. — Common, in 

 swamps. — Spr. 



59. C. torta Boott. Leaf -blades about 4 mm. wide; sheaths not filamentose: 

 culms stout at base, smooth or slightly scabrous above, 4-10 dm. long, short- 

 stoloniferous : lower bract commonly foliaceous: staminate spike usually one, 

 stalked: pistillate spikes 3-5, erect, spreading or drooping, linear, 2-7.5 cm. 

 long, about 4 mm. in diameter, often loosely flowered toward the base: scales 

 ovate-oblong, dark with green midvein, shorter and mostly narrower than the 

 perigynia: stigmas 2: perigynia oblong or narrowly ovate, green, nerveless, 

 narrowed and more or less tvsristed above when dry, 2-3 mm. long. — Rather 

 rare, creek-beds. — Sum. 



60. C. g37iianclra Schwein. Similar to the following species in habit. Leaves 

 glabrous, the sheaths finely roughened, not glaucous; blades 4—12 mm. wide: 

 pistillate spikes 2-10 cm. long, narrowly cylindric: scales lanceolate, tapering 

 into awn, rough, ascending, strongly 3-ribbed, 2-4 times as long as the peri- 

 gynia : perigynia oblong or elliptic, faintly few-nerved or nerveless, com- 



