64 CYPEEACEAE. 



74. C. comosa Boott. Culms commonly stout, 3-15 dm. tall: leaf-blades 6-14 

 mm. wide: staminate S])ikes short-stalked: pistillate spikes 2-6, all spreading 

 or drooping, 3-7 cm. long, bristly, 12-14 mm. in diameter: scales mostly shorter 

 than the perigynia, rough-awned : stigmas 3 : perigynia lanceolate, little in- 

 flated, strongly reflexed when mature, each tapering into a slender prominently 

 2-toothed beak, the teeth subulate and recurved-spreading. — Susquehanna valley. 

 Eare, in wet places. — Sum. 



75. C. Frankii Kunth. Culms stout, smooth, leafy, 3-7 dm. tall: leaves rough- 

 ish ; blades and similar bracts elongate, overtopping culm, 3-8 mm, wide : stami- 

 nate spike usually small and inconspicuous: pistillate spikes 3-6, exceedingly 

 dense, cylindric, erect, 1-4 dm. long, about 8 mm. in diameter, the upper nearly 

 or quite sessile, the lower slender-stalked : scales linear-subulate, longer than the 

 perigynia: stigmas 3: perigynia green, slightly inflated, 4 mm. long, 2 mm. in 

 diameter, few-nerved, obconie with a depressed summit from which arises the 

 subulate 2-toothed beak. — Eather common, in swamps and meadows. — Sum. 

 and fall. 



76. C. squarrosa L. Culms slender, rough above on the angles, 6-9 dm. tall: 

 leaf -blades elongate, 3-6 mm. wide, rough-margined: spikes 1-3, erect, stalked, 

 oval, exceedingly dense, 1.5-3 cm. long, 1-2 cm. in diameter, the upper one 

 club-shaped, staminate at the base or sometimes for A its length or more: 

 stigmas 3 : perigynia yellowish-green, becoming tawny, the lower reflexed, 

 somewhat inflated but firm, obovoid, about 3 mm. in diameter, few-nerved, each 

 truncately contracted into a subulate minutely 2-toothed beak, twice as long 

 as the lanceolate-acuminate or awn-tipped scale. — Eather rare, in wet places. 

 — Sum. 



77. C. intumescens Eudge. Deep-green. Culms slender, 4-9 dm. high: leaf- 

 blades elongate, roughish, 2. .5-7 mm. wide: bracts similar, overtopping the culm: 

 staminate spike mostly long-stalked: pistillate spikes 1-3, sessile or short- 

 stalked, globose or nearly so : scales narrowly lanceolate, acuminate or aristate, 

 about i as long as the perigynia: stigmas 3: style straight: perigynia 1-12, 

 spreading or the upper erect, 10-20 mm. long, much inflated, about 5 mm. in 

 diameter above the base, many-nerved, each tapering into a subulate 2-toothed 

 beak, the teeth somewhat spreading. — Eather rare, in swamps. — Sum. 



78. C. Asa-Grayi Bailey. Deep-green. Culms 5-9 dm. tall: leaf -blades elon- 

 gate, dark-green, 5-9 mm. wide: bracts similar to the upper leaves, usually 

 much overtopping the culm: staminate spike mostly long-stalked: pistillate 

 spikes 1 or 2, dense, about 2.5 cm. in diameter, 6-30-flowered : scales ovate or 

 lanceolate, obtuse or slightly cuspidate, scarious, about J as long as the peri- 

 gynia : stigmas 3 : style straight : perigynia ovoid, glabrous or hispidulous, much 

 inflated, many-nerved, about 7 mm. in diameter, each tapering to a sharp 2- 

 toothed beak. [C. Grayi Carey.] — M. S. Eare, on wet hanks. — Sandstones 

 and shales, schists. — Sum. 



79. C. lupulina Muhl. Culms stout, 3-12 dm. tall: leaf -blades elongate, nodu- 

 lose, 5-16 mm. wide, the upper ones, and the similar bracts much overtopping 

 the culm: staminate spikes solitary or rarely several: pistillate spikes 2-5, 

 densely many-flowered, oblong, 2.5-7.5 cm. long, 2.5 cm. or more in diameter: 

 scales acuminate or aristate, ^ as long as the perigynia : stigmas 3 : style ab- 

 ruptly bent: perigynia ascending, much inflated, many-nerved, 10-20 mm. long, 

 4-7 mm. in diameter above the base, each tapering from below the middle into 

 a subulate 2-toothed beak. — Eather common, in swamps. — Sum. 



Order ABALES. 



Perennial, frequently bog or aquatic herbs; in Lemnaccae, mere float- 

 ing thalloid bodies. Leaves mainly basal. Flowers complete or incom- 



