LILIACEAE. 75 



upper portion spreading: capsules 3-5 cm. long. — Rather rare, in wet thickets 

 and meadows. 



3. L. superbum L. Stems 8-25 dm. tall: leaves maiiily whorled; blades elliptic, 

 elliptic-lanceolate, or nearly linear, 5-15 cm. long, acuminate, smooth: flowers 

 usually many: sepals and petals orange, red, or orange-yellow, usually purple- 

 spotted. 6-10 cm. long, recurved from below the middle: capsules 3-5 cm. long. 



— S. Not very common, in low grounds. — Schists. 



2. ERYTHRONIUM L. Low herbs with deeply buried corms and sub- 

 terranean stems. Leaves generally 2; blades dilated. Perianth white or 

 colored, the sepals and petals distinct. Filaments nearly free : anthers erect. — 

 Spr. — Dog 's-tooth violet. 



Styles united to above the middle, topped by 3 spreading or recurved stigmas : 



perianth white, pinli or purplish within. 1. E. albidum. 



Styles wholly united : stigma terminal : perianth yellow within. 2. E. americanum. 



1. E. albidum Nutt. Leaf-blades oblong to elliptic. 5-15 cm. long, often 

 mottled: scape 1-3 dm. tall: sepals and petals white, pink, or purplish, curved: 

 stigmas spreading or recurved: capsule 1-2 cm. long. — Lower Susquehanna 

 valley. Eare, in moist soil. — Schists. 



2. E. americanum Ker. Leaf-blades oblong to elliptic, 10-15 cm. long, com- 

 monly mottled: scape 1-3 dm. tall: sepals and petals green or greenish without, 

 yellow within or rarely partly red, 3-3.5 cm. long, recurved: stigmas erect: 

 capsule 1-1.5 cm. long. — Common, on moist banks. 



3. ORNITHOGALUM [Tourn.] L. Scapose succulent herbs with coated 



bulbs. Leaf-blades narrow, elongate. Corymb or raceme bracted. Sepals and 



petals white or greenish without, nearly equal. Filaments flattened. Anthers 



versatile. Style shorter than the ovary. Ovules several or numerous in each 



carpel. — Spr. 



Inflorescence corymbose : filaments unappendaged. 1. O. umhellatum. 



Inflorescence racemose : filaments appendaged. .2. O. nutans. 



1. O. umbellatum L. Scapes 1-3.5 dm. tall: leaf -blades usually paler-green 

 near the midrib, 2-5 cm. wide: flowers erect: sepals and petals oblong to oblong- 

 lanceolate, 10-20 mm. long: filaments subulate to subulate-lanceolate: anthers 

 oblong. — Common, in fields and woods. Nat. of Eu. — Stak-of-Bethlehem. 



2. O. nutans L. Scapes 3-6 dm. tall: leaf -blades evenly green, 6-11 mm. wide: 

 flowers nodding: sepals and petals lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 27-35 mm. 

 long: filaments broadly winged and toothed near the anthers: anthers linear. 



— N. M. Eare, in fields. Nat. of Eu. 



4. MUSCAEI [Tourn.] Mill. Scapose succulent herbs with coated bulbs. 

 Leaf -blades elongate^ channeled. Racemes dense, inconspicuously bracted. Peri- 

 anth globular to urceolate, commonly deep-blue. Filaments adnate to the peri- 

 anth-tube up to near the anthers. Anthers nearly as wide as long. Ovules 2 in 

 each carpel. Capsules 3-angled or 3-winged. — Spr. — Grape-hyacinth. 



Perianth oblong-urceolate : anthers borne alternately high and 



low on the perianth. 1. M. hotryoidcs. 



Perianth globular : anthers borne evenly on the perianth. 2. M. racemosum. 



1. M. botryoides (L.) Mill. Plants 8-25 cm. tall: leaves erect; blades mostly 

 6-8 mm. wide: perianth mostly 2.5-4 mm. long; lobes as long as wide, about 

 equal : style shorter than the ovary. — Bather common, about gardens and in 

 meadows. Nat. of Eu. 



2. M. racemosum (L.) Mill. Plants 11-28 cm. tall: leaves recurved; blades 

 mostly 2-4 mm. wide: perianth 4.5-5.5 mm. long; lobes broader than long, un- 



