MALACEAE. 153 



sometimes cuneate, 1.5-5 cm. long, acute or rarely rounded at the apex, 

 serrate, sometimes pubescent beneath: flowers solitary, or few in corymbs: 

 hypanthium more or less densely glandular-pubescent: sepals lanceolate, 

 acuminate, dilated or lobed above, spreading, deciduous: corolla 4-6 cm. 

 broad: fruits subglobose or depressed, 12-15 mm. in diameter, red. [B. 

 humilis Marsh.] — Common, in fields and thickets. 



4. R. virginiana Mill. Bushy shrub 2 m. tall, the prickles curved: leaflets 

 7-9, mostly 7; blades thick, oblong, elliptic, or oval, varying to ovate or 

 obovate, mostly 2—1 cm. long, serrate, smooth and often shining above, 

 glabrous or nearly so beneath: flowers typically corymbose: hypanthium 

 usually bristly: sepals lanceolate, often slightly dilated at the apex, spreading, 

 deciduous: corolla 4-6 cm. broad: fruits subglobose or obovoid, 1-1.5 cm. in 

 diameter, red. [M. lucida Ehrh.] — Occasional, in low grounds. 



5. R. rubiginosa L. Straggling aromatic shrub, the prickles recurved: leaflets 

 5-7 ; blades broad, oval, or suborbicular, sometimes varying to ovate or obo- 

 vate, 1.5-3 cm. long, acute or obtuse at both ends, sharply serrate, resinous 

 beneath : flowers solitary, or few in corymbs : hypanthium glabrous or bristly : 

 sepals lanceolate, with an acuminate pinnatifid apex: corolla white or pink: 

 fruits broad, oval to globular, 1-2 cm. long, deep-red, shining. — Eather com- 

 mon, in waste places and woods. Nat. of Eu. — Sweetbeier. Eglantine. 



6. R. micrantha J. E. Sm. Plants similar to B. rubiginosa in habit, but 

 smaller in all the parts: leaflets less glandular; blades relatively narrower, 

 often elliptic and more pointed: corollas small, 2.5 cm. wide or less, pale: 

 fruits ovoid to flask-shaped, often bright-red. — Occasional in woods and 

 thickets. Nat. of Eu. — Sweetbrier. 



Family 10. MALACEAE. Apple Family. 

 Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate : blades simple and pinnately 

 veined or pinnately compound. Flowers perfect, regular. Hypanthium 

 adnate to the ovary. Calyx of mostly 5 sepals. Corolla of mostly 5 

 petals. Androecium of numerous, or rarely few, stamens. Gynoecium of 

 2-5 wholly or partially united carpels, or rarely of 1 carpel. Fruit a more 

 or less fleshy pome, being the thickened hypanthium enclosing the carpels. 



Carpels papery or leathery at maturity. 



Cavities of the ovary (carpels) as many as the styles. 

 Cymes simple : pomes relatively large. 



Pomes elongate, broadened upward ; flesh with grit-cells : 



hypanthium-oriflce nearly closed by a disk. 1. Pyeus. 



Pomes depressed, not dilated upward ; flesh without 



grit-cells : hypanthium-oriflce open. 2. Malds. 



Cymes compound : pomes small, berry-like. 3. Aronia. 



Cavities of the ovary becoming twice as many as the styles. 4. Amelanchier. 

 Carpels bony at maturity. 5. Ceataegus. 



1. PYRUS [Tourn.] L. Leaf-blades simple, usually toothed. Cymes 

 simple. Pome usually tapering to the base. — Pear. 



1. P. communis L. Tree, usually thorny: leaf -blades ovate, elliptic, or obo- 

 vate, slender-petioled, 3-8 cm. long, glabrous or nearly so in age, acute or 

 acuminate, the base usually rounded: cymes few-several-flowered: pedicels 

 1.8-5 cm. long: sepals about as long as the hypanthium: corolla white, about 

 2.5 cm. broad: pome, in the wild form, seldom over 5 cm. long, in the 

 numerous cultivated forms often much larger. — Common, in woods and 

 thickets, and on roadsides. Nat. of the Old World. — Spr. — Common-pear. 



2. MALUS L. Leaf-blades simple, toothed or lobed. Cymes simple. 

 Pome depressed at both ends. — Spr. — Apple. 



