SPONDIACEAE. 181 



Family 2. CALLITRICHACEAE. Water-starwort Family. 



Herbs, often aquatics, with tender tissues. Leaves opposite: blades 

 entire, 3-nerved. Flowers polygamous, minute, axillary, often minutely 

 bracted. Calyx wanting. Corolla wanting. Androecium of a single 

 stamen. Gynoeeium of 4 miited carpels. Ovarj^ 4-celled. Fniit leathery, 

 indehiscent, 4-lobed. 



1. CAJjLITHICHE L. Aquatic or more or less amphibious plants, the 

 opposite leaves often approximate or congested at the ends of the stem and 

 branches. Flowers inconspicuous. 



1. C. palustris L. Aquatic, the foliage scaly : blades of the submersed leaves 

 linear, those of the emersed ones spatulate, shorter than the submersed ones: 

 flower-stalks with 2 scales : fruit obovoid, about 1.5 mm. long. — Common, in 

 ponds and streams. — Spr. and sum. — Water-starwort. 



Order SAPINDALES. 



Shrubs or trees. Leaves various : blades simple and entire or toothed, 



or compound. Calyx of distinct sepals. Corolla of distinct petals, regular 



or rarely irregular, or wanting. Androecium of as many stamens as there 



are petals, or of twice as many, or rarely of more or fewer. Filaments 



distinct. Gynoeeium of a single carpel, or of several united carpels. 



Ovai-y superior. 0\iiles 1 or 2, or several, in each cavity of the ovary, 



pendulous, with the raphe away from the axis of the ovary, or erect or 



ascending. Fruit various. 



Ovary 1-celled (in our plants) : fruit a drupe. Fam. 1. Spondiaceae. 



Ovary 2-several-celled : fruit various. 

 Leaf -blades simple : pinnately veined. 



Seed without an aril : fruit drupaceous. Fam. 2. Aquifoliaceae. 



Seed with an aril : fruit capsular. Fam. 3. Celastkaceae. 



Leaf-blades simple, palmately veined, or compound. 

 Leaves opposite. 

 Fruit a capsule. 



Flowers regular : fruit a bladdery 3-lobed 



capsule. Fam. 4. Staphyleaceae. 



Flowers irregular : fruit a leathery globular 



capsule. Fam. 5. Aesculaceae. 



Fruit a 2-winged samara. Fam. 6. Aceraceae. 



Leaves alternate. Fam. 7. Sapindaceae. 



Family 1. SPONDIACEAE. Sumac Family. 



Shrubs, trees, or vines, with milky, resinous, often acid or caustic, 

 sap. Leaves alternate : blades simple or pinnately compound. Flowers 

 monoecious, dioecious, or polygamous. Calyx of 3-5 sepals. Corolla of 

 3-5 petals larger than the sepals. Androecium of 3-6, or rarely more, 

 stamens. Gynoeeium of 1 carpel or of 3-5 more or less united cai-pels. 

 Fruit a drupe. 



Flowers in terminal compact panicles : drupe with a dark-pubescent outer coat : 

 stone smooth. 1. Rhus. 



Flowers in lax axillary panicles : drupe with a glabrous or pale- 

 pubescent outer coat : stone ribbed. 2. Toxicodendron. 



1. RHUS L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades pinnately compound, several- 

 foliolate. Flowers polygamous, borne in terminal, compact panicles. Sepals 

 commonly 5. Petals commonly 5. Ovary pubescent. Style short. Drupe 

 pubescent. Stone smooth and even. — Sum. — Sumac. 



